Table 3.
Table summarizing changes of the CP in neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases
| Category | Disorder | Choroidal epithelial cells | Junctions | Immune cells | Transporters | Others |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neurodegenerative diseases | Alzheimer’s |
↑ Lipofuscin vacuoles [301] |
↓ Claudin-5, Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1 expression [233] |
↓ AQP 1 expression [252] |
Stromal fibrosis Thickening of blood vessel [249] |
|
|
↓ Mitochondrial activity ↑ Oxidative stress [246] |
↓ Megalin expression [239] |
Basement membrane thickening [249] |
||||
|
↑ IL-1, IL-6, TNFα secretion MMP-3 expression [233] |
↑ LRP1 and PgP expression [240] |
↓ CSF production [248] |
||||
|
CP epithelial cuboidal shape changed ↓ Nucleus size [233] |
↓ TTR expression [244] |
↑ Concentration of IgG [235] |
||||
|
↑ IFN-I signaling ↓ IFN-γ signaling [236] |
||||||
|
CP epithelial cell atrophy [241] |
||||||
| Parkinson’s |
Modulation of transporters of alpha-synuclein [257] |
|||||
| Huntington’s |
↓ Claudin-5 expression [258] |
|||||
|
Autoimmune diseases |
Multiple sclerosis (MS) |
↑ Cadherin expression [258] |
↑ miRNA-155, miRNA-326 expression resulting in loss of TJs |
↑ Lymphocytes in the vessels and stroma followed by increased IgG antibodies [260] |
↑ C3d, C9neo expression within the pericapillary space in NMO [271] |
|
|
↑ CCR6 expression on Th-17 cells [265] |
||||||
|
↑ CX3CL1 expression helping Entry of lymphocytes [267] |
||||||
|
Swelling of CP [270] |
||||||
|
↑ VCAM-1 and ICAM-1expression following increase in IFN-γ production [262] |
||||||
|
↑ CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 expression upon peripheral immune stimuli [266] |
||||||
| ALS |
Leukocyte trafficking through CP requires IFN-y signaling [272] |