Table 1.
Infant Demographics and Characteristics and Univariate Analysis of Factors Associated With Clostridioides difficile Colonization
| Characteristic | All Infants (N = 32) | Infants Without TCD Colonization (n = 16) | Infants With TCD Colonization (n = 16) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, no. (%) | 12 (38) | 8 (50) | 12 (75) | .27 |
| Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, no. (%) | 15 (47) | 8 (50) | 7 (44) | 1 |
| Born by vaginal delivery, no. (%) | 27 (84) | 14 (88) | 13 (81) | 1 |
| Breastfeeding, no. (%) | 17 (53) | 9 (56) | 8 (50) | 1 |
| Stopped breastfeeding before study blood draw, no. (%) | 11/17 (65) | 4/9 (44) | 7/8 (88) | .18 |
| Median (IQR) age stopped breastfeeding, mo | 4 (3, 6) | 4.5 (3, 6) | 4 (3, 7) | .69 |
| Youngest age of other children in household, no. (%) | .52 | |||
| <1 y | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1–2 y | 7 (22) | 5 (31) | 2 (13) | |
| 3–7 y | 12 (38) | 7 (44) | 5 (31) | |
| 8–12 y | 3 (9) | 1 (6) | 2 (13) | |
| 13–18 y | 4 (13) | 1 (6) | 3 (19) | |
| No other children in household | 6 (19) | 2 (13) | 4 (25) | |
| Daycare with other children, no. (%) | 2 (6) | 0 (0) | 2 (13) | .48 |
| Median (IQR) no. of stools collected from each infant | 4 (3, 5) | 3 (2, 5) | 4 (4, 5) | .02 |
| C. difficile colonization before 9–12 months old,a no. (%) | 23 (72) | … | … | … |
| TCD colonization | 16 (50) | … | … | |
| TCD colonization (at least 1 month prior to 9–12 months old) | 12 (38) | … | … | |
| NTCD colonization | 12 (38) | … | … | |
| Median (IQR) age at first TCD colonization, mo | … | … | 5 (2, 9) | … |
| Median (IQR) duration of TCD colonization, mo | … | … | 3 (1, 7) | … |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; NTCD, nontoxigenic Clostridioides difficile; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; TCD, toxigenic Clostridioides difficile.
aFive infants were colonized with both TCD and NTCD during the study period, including 3 infants co-colonized with TCD and NTCD (ie, stool was tcdB PCR positive but NTCD was isolated from culture).