Table 1.
Social Demographic and Sexual Behavioral Characteristics of Participants Among Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Survey in China, 2018
| Characteristics | Total (N = 699) | Self-tester (n = 174) | Facility-tester (n = 191) | Nontester (n = 334) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| 16~25 y | 318 (45.5) | 72 (41.4) | 72 (37.7) | 174 (52.1) |
| 26~35 y | 316 (45.2) | 85 (48.9) | 91 (47.6) | 140 (41.9) |
| 36~45 y | 47 (6.7) | 13 (7.5) | 21 (11.0) | 13 (3.9) |
| >45 y | 18 (2.6) | 4 (2.3) | 7 (3.7) | 7 (2.1) |
| Legal marital status | ||||
| Never married | 592 (84.7) | 141 (81.0) | 169 (88.5) | 282 (84.4) |
| Ever married/engaged | 107 (15.3) | 33 (19.0) | 2 (11.5) | 52 (15.6) |
| Highest educational attainment | ||||
| High school or below | 154 (22.0) | 38 (21.8) | 44 (23.0) | 72 (21.6) |
| Some college | 180 (25.8) | 45 (25.9) | 51 (26.7) | 84 (25.1) |
| Bachelor’s degree and above | 365 (52.2) | 91 (52.3) | 96 (50.3) | 178 (53.3) |
| Annual income (USD)a | ||||
| <$5000 （low level） | 208 (29.8) | 47 (27.0) | 55 (28.8) | 106 (31.7) |
| $5001~9000 (lower-middle level) | 233 (33.3) | 57 (32.8) | 67 (35.1) | 109 (32.6) |
| $9001~14 000 (upper-middle level) | 153 (21.9) | 34 (19.5) | 41 (21.5) | 78 (23.4) |
| >$14 000 (high level) | 105 (15.0) | 36 (20.7) | 28 (14.7) | 41 (12.3) |
| Sexual orientation | ||||
| Gay | 489 (70.0) | 132 (75.9) | 139 (72.8) | 218 (65.3) |
| Bisexual | 178 (25.4) | 35 (20.1) | 43 (22.5) | 100 (29.9) |
| Other | 32 (4.6) | 7 (4.0) | 9 (4.7) | 16 (4.8) |
| Disclosure of sexual orientation to health provider | 307 (43.9) | 80 (46.0) | 93 (48.7) | 134 (40.1) |
| Disclosure of sexual orientation to family or friends | 358 (51.2) | 111 (63.8) | 139 (72.8) | 108 (32.3) |
| Number of male sex partners in the past 3 months | ||||
| 0 | 117 (16.7) | 21 (12.1) | 33 (17.3) | 63 (18.9) |
| 1 | 284 (40.6) | 67 (38.5) | 70 (36.6) | 147 (44.0) |
| 2~5 | 276 (39.5) | 80 (46.0) | 78 (40.8) | 118 (35.3) |
| ≥6 | 22 (3.2) | 6 (3.4) | 10 (5.2) | 6 (1.8) |
| Condomless anal intercourse in the past 3 months | 316 (45.2) | 79 (45.4) | 85 (44.5) | 152 (45.5) |
| Female sex partner in the past 3 months | 109 (15.6) | 26 (14.9) | 14 (7.3) | 69 (20.7) |
| Ever used substances before or during sex | 355 (50.8) | 96 (55.2) | 98 (51.3) | 161 (48.2) |
| Ever had group sex | 171 (24.5) | 41 (23.6) | 53 (27.7) | 77 (23.1) |
| Ever had commercial sex (paid) | 130 (18.6) | 40 (23.0) | 24 (12.6) | 66 (19.8) |
| Ever had commercial sex (sold) | 112 (16.0) | 36 (20.7) | 14 (7.3) | 62 (18.6) |
| Ever had HIV testing | 540 (77.3) | 170 (97.7) | 185 (96.9) | 185 (55.4) |
| Ever had HIV self-testing | 406 (58.1) | 168 (96.6) | 101 (52.9) | 137 (41.0) |
| Ever tested for syphilis in the hospitalb | 130 (36.0) | 39 (22.9) | 91 (47.6) | … |
| Ever tested for syphilis in the communityb | 118 (32.7) | 56 (32.9) | 62 (32.5) | … |
Data are presented as no. (%).
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; USD, US dollar.
aThe level of annual income (low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high) was categorized by the standard from the National Bureau of Statistics (https://www.guancha.cn/politics/2019_01_25_488206_1.shtml).
bThis analysis was restricted to participants who had ever tested for syphilis.