Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study and control group (N = 1224)
| Study group (n = 612) |
Control group (n = 612) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 32.9 (4.4) | 32.1 (5.1) | 0.003 |
| BMI (kg/m2) ≥ 25, n (%) | 421 (68.8) | 196 (32.0) | < 0.001 |
| Mode of birth, n (%) | 0.101 | ||
| Spontaneous | 517 (84.5) | 502 (82.0) | |
| Instrumental vaginal | 38 (6.2) | 58 (9.5) | |
| Cesarean | 57 (9.3) | 52 (8.5) | |
| Epidural anesthesia, n (%) | 117 (19.1) | 252 (41.2) | < 0.001 |
| Duration, second stage of labora (min), mean (SD) | 47.4 (54.1) | 55.6 (59.5) | 0.002b |
| Episiotomya, n (%) | 26 (4.7) | 48 (8.6) | 0.066 |
| Obstetric injurya, n (%) | 0.007 | ||
|
First degree perineal laceration, labia laceration |
149 (26.8) | 119 (21.2) | |
|
Second degree perineal laceration, vaginal or clitoral laceration |
191 (34.4) | 260 (46.4) | |
|
Third or fourth degree perineal laceration, cervical laceration |
13 (2.3) | 5 (0.9) | |
| None | 202 (36.4) | 176 (31.4) | |
| Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) | 43 (7.0) | 55 (9.0) | 0.246 |
| Birthweight (gram), mean (SD) | 3561.0 (427.3) | 3466.3 (422.5) | < 0.001 |
| 5-min APGAR score < 7, n (%) | 3 (0.5) | 2 (0.3) | 1.0 |
| Umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.10, n (%) | 8 (1.3) | 16 (2.6) | 0.153 |
| Missing | 12 (2.0) | 3 (0.5) | |
| Transfer to specialist neonatal care, n (%) | 5 (0.8) | 9 (1.5) | 0.386 |
BMI Body mass index, SD Standard deviation
aMissing for pairs with mode of birth = cesarean
bWilcoxon signed-rank test