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Medical indications for instrumental vaginal birth or emergency cesarean by study and control group (N = 205)
| Study group (n = 95) |
Control group (n = 110) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indications, n (%) | 0.930 | ||
| Abnormal FHR | 41 (43.2) | 54 (49.1) | |
| Delayed second stage | 36 (37.9) | 29 (26.4) | |
| Delayed first stage | 9 (9.5) | 8 (7.3) | |
| Other | 9 (9.5) | 19 (17.3) |
FHR Fetal heart rate
