Table 5.
Mean maximum force (SD) and comparisons in Newtons (N) at the time of peak pressure for each of the 7 conditions (N = 36)
| Condition | Proximal mask | Beneath mask | Distal mask | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) |
Mean diff. (95% CI) | P-value | Mean (SD) |
Mean diff. (95% CI) | P-value | Mean (SD) |
Mean diff. (95% CI) | P-value | |
| 1. Control |
39.5 (35.4) |
N/A | N/A |
75.5 (33.0) |
N/A | N/A | 121.3 (26.8) | N/A | N/A |
| 2. Emsold metatarsal dome 5 mm proximal |
54.9 (17.8) |
−15.4 (−32.9, 2.1) |
0.141 |
57.9 (17.5) 1, 4, 7 |
17.6 (2.9, 32.3) |
0.008 |
108.3 (23.3) 1 |
13.0 (3.0, 23.1) |
0.003 |
| 3. Emsold metatarsal dome in-line |
55.6 (22.6) 1 |
−16.1 (−31.1, − 1.2) |
0.025 |
60.7 (18.6) 1, 7 |
14.8 (2.2, 27.5) |
0.011 |
107.6 (23.1) 1 |
13.7 (6.3, 21.1) |
< 0.001 |
| 4. Emsold metatarsal dome 5 mm distal |
51.5 (21.5) 1 |
−11.9 (−22.9, −0.9) |
0.024 |
65.7 (20.0) 2 |
9.9 (−0.8, 20.5) |
0.095 |
105.1 (22.4) 1 |
16.2 (8.0, 24.3) |
< 0.001 |
| 5. Langer PPT metatarsal pad 5 mm proximal |
61.6 (26.5) 1 |
−22.1 (−36.6, −7.5) |
< 0.001 |
61.7 (21.6) 1 |
13.8 (2.6, 25.0) |
0.006 |
109.6 (27.4) 1 |
11.7 (4.4, 18.9) |
< 0.001 |
| 6. Langer PPT metatarsal pad in-line |
57.8 (25.7) |
−18.3 (− 39.3, 2.8) |
0.155 |
61.8 (18.9) 7 |
13.7 (−0.3, 27.8) |
0.061 |
105.1 (23.7) 1 |
16.2 (8.7, 23.7) |
< 0.001 |
| 7. Langer PPT metatarsal pad 5 mm distal |
50.6 (19.7) |
−11.1 (−31.3, 9.1) |
1.000 |
67.1 (18.2) 2, 3, 6 |
8.4 (−5.9, 22.8) |
1.000 |
104.3 (22.8) 1 |
17.0 (9.0, 25.1) |
< 0.001 |
Notes: Proximal mask positioned proximal to the metatarsal heads; Beneath mask positioned beneath the metatarsal heads; Distal mask positioned distal to the metatarsal heads. Full results and pairwise comparisons for all conditions are contained in Additional file 2
Abbreviations: 1 significantly different from control condition; 2 significantly different from Emsold proximal; 3 significantly different from Emsold in-line, 4 significantly different from Emsold distal; 5 significantly different from Langer proximal; 6 significantly different from Langer in-line, 7 significantly different from Langer distal