Table 2.
Treatment outcomes.
| Conservative treatment (n = 137) | Urgent hemostasis (n = 5) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hemostasis | 137 (100%) | 5 (100%)∗ | |
| Mortality | |||
| Bleeding | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.978 |
| Others | 1 (0.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Blood transfusion | 60 (43.8%) | 5 (100%) | 0.003 |
| Units of blood (mean ± SD) | 2.7 ± 4.0 | 10.0 ± 3.3 | 0.0002 |
| Hb level during transfusion (g/dL, mean ± SD) | 7.2 ± 1.3 | 7.0 ± 1.5 | |
| Hemorrhagic shock (systolic BP < 90 mmHg) | 11 (8.0%) | 5 (100%) | <0.0001 |
| Periods of fasting (days, mean ± SD) | 4.1 ± 1.7 (1–9) | 4.8 ± 1.9 (4–7) | 0.342 |
| Length of hospitalization (days, mean ± SD) | 11.3 ± 5.9 (3–34) | 19.2 ± 21.4 (9–30) | 0.040 |
| Hospitalization costs (USD, mean ± SD) | 4270.68 ± 2452.30 | 8237.28 ± 3211.87 7169.06 ± 2168.09∗∗ |
0.0001 |
| 0.047 | |||
| Early rebleeding | 10 (7.3%)∗∗∗ | 0 (0%) | 0.690 |
| Recurrent bleeding | 29 (22.7%) | 1 (20%) | 0.685 |
SD, standard deviation; Hb, hemoglobin; BP, blood pressure; USD, the United States dollar. ∗Three of five patients underwent endoscopic hemostasis, and the other two patients underwent transcatheter arterial embolization, resulting in successful hemostasis in all patients. ∗∗Except the two patients who received interventional radiology treatment, ∗∗∗all patients achieved spontaneous hemostasis after early rebleeding.