Table 4.
Factors associated with recurrent bleeding after spontaneous hemostasis.
| Recurrent bleeding | Nonbleeding | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 29) | (n = 99) | P-value | HR (95%CI) | P-value | |
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 73.8 ± 11.8 | 70.5 ± 13.4 | 0.114 | ||
| Sex (male) | 20 (69.0%) | 59 (59.6%) | 0.414 | ||
| Previous history of diverticular hemorrhage | 15 (51.7%) | 12 (12.1%) | <0.0001 | 5.63 (2.68–12.0) | <0.0001 |
| Patient on dialysis | 3 (10.3%) | 7 (7.1%) | 0.234 | ||
| Patient with cirrhosis | 1 (3.4%) | 1 (1.0%) | 0.315 | ||
| Medications | |||||
| Aspirin | 12 (41.4%) | 21 (21.2%) | 0.022 | 1.80 (0.84–3.88) | 0.133 |
| Thienopyridine derivative | 7 (24.1%) | 8 (8.1%) | 0.002 | 3.05 (1.23–7.53) | 0.016 |
| Anticoagulants | 7 (24.1%) | 14 (14.1%) | 0.216 | ||
| NSAIDs | 3 (10.3%) | 10 (10.1%) | 0.607 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure <90 (mmHg) | 2 (6.9%) | 9 (9.1%) | 0.696 | ||
| Heart rate (bpm, mean ± SD) | 84.4 ± 19.8 | 88.6 ± 20.9 | 0.865 | ||
| Loss of consciousness | 4 (13.8%) | 13 (13.1%) | 0.699 | ||
| Extravasation on CECT | 2 (11.8%)∗ | 10 (14.1%)∗ | 0.741 | ||
| Localization of diverticulum (right-sided/left-sided/bilateral) | 7/2/20 | 27/12/60 | 0.119 | ||
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Hemoglobin level (g/dL, mean ± SD) | 9.7 ± 2.5 | 10.8 ± 2.4 | 0.059 | ||
| WBC count (×103/mm3, mean ± SD) | 7.1 ± 2.5 | 8.5 ± 2.9 | 0.177 | ||
| Platelet count (×104/mm3, mean ± SD) | 20.3 ± 6.4 | 20.7 ± 6.3 | 0.970 | ||
| UN/Cre ratio (mean ± SD) | 23.1 ± 9.4 | 23.1 ± 10.9 | 0.948 | ||
| Albumin level (g/dL, mean ± SD) | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 0.793 | ||
| PT-INR (mean ± SD) | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 0.326 | ||
Follow-up period: 31.3 ± 18.6 months. HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; SD, standard deviation; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; CECT, contrast-enhanced computed tomography; WBC, white blood cells; UN/Cre, urea nitrogen/creatinine; PT-INR, international normalized ratio of prothrombin time. ∗CECT was performed in seventeen patients in the recurrent bleeding group and in seventy-one patients in the nonbleeding group.