Table 8.
Comparison between participants with and without urinary incontinence as regards demographic characteristics and risk factors.
| UI | Chi-square | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | Total | |||||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | X 2 | P value | ||
| Smoking | Yes | 19 | 18.27 | 3 | 11.54 | 22 | 16.92 | 0.670 | 0.413 |
| No | 85 | 81.73 | 23 | 88.46 | 108 | 83.08 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Obesity | Yes | 28 | 26.92 | 10 | 38.46 | 38 | 29.23 | 1.339 | 0.247 |
| No | 76 | 73.08 | 16 | 61.54 | 92 | 70.77 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Parity | Nullipara | 6 | 5.77 | 6 | 23.08 | 12 | 9.23 | 12.662 | 0.005∗ |
| Multipara | 82 | 78.85 | 13 | 50.00 | 95 | 73.08 | |||
| CS | 7 | 6.73 | 5 | 19.23 | 12 | 9.23 | |||
| CS and vaginal | 9 | 8.65 | 2 | 7.69 | 11 | 8.46 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| ADL | Independent | 45 | 43.27 | 19 | 73.08 | 64 | 49.23 | 8.371 | 0.015∗ |
| Assisted | 36 | 34.62 | 6 | 23.08 | 42 | 32.31 | |||
| Dependent | 23 | 22.12 | 1 | 3.85 | 24 | 18.46 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| IADL | Assisted | 46 | 44.23 | 20 | 76.92 | 66 | 50.77 | 8.894 | 0.003∗ |
| Dependent | 58 | 55.77 | 6 | 23.08 | 64 | 49.23 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Pyuria | Yes | 48 | 46.15 | 14 | 53.85 | 62 | 47.69 | 0.493 | 0.482 |
| No | 56 | 53.85 | 12 | 46.15 | 68 | 52.31 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Hysterectomy | Yes | 21 | 20.19 | 2 | 7.69 | 23 | 17.69 | 2.232 | 0.135 |
| No | 83 | 79.81 | 24 | 92.31 | 107 | 82.31 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Hernia repair | Yes | 10 | 9.62 | 4 | 15.38 | 14 | 10.77 | 0.720 | 0.396 |
| No | 94 | 90.38 | 22 | 84.62 | 116 | 89.23 | |||
|
| |||||||||
| Spinal surgery | Yes | 4 | 3.85 | 0 | 0.00 | 4 | 3.08 | 1.032 | 0.310 |
| No | 100 | 96.15 | 26 | 100.00 | 126 | 96.92 | |||
UI: urinary incontinence; nullipara: females who never gave birth; multipara: females who have two or more pregnancies (all were vaginal delivered); CS: cesarean section; ADL: activities of daily living; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living.