Table 5.
Adjusted associations between log10-transformed serum PBB-153, ΣPCB4, and ΣPBDE3 and other potential
| Predictors | PBB-153a,b Born before incident began (N=616) |
PBB-153a Born after incident began (N=245) |
ΣPCB4
a,b,c (N=832) |
ΣPBDE3
a,b,c (N=358) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10β (95% CI) | 10β (95% CI) | 10β (95% CI) | 10β (95% CI) | |
| Race/Ethnicities | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Other | 0.89 (0.55, 1.45) | 0.89 (0.35, 2.28) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.20) | 1.59 (0.54, 4.72) |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Past smoker | 0.97 (0.75, 1.25) | 0.61 (0.33, 1.10) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.18) | 0.70 (0.49, 1.02) |
| Current smoker | 1.12 (0.79, 1.58) | 0.53 (0.32, 0.90)* | 1.07 (0.90, 1.26) | 0.76 (0.50, 1.16) |
| BMI (kg/m2)d | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
| Where were you living between 1973 and 1974? | ||||
| Not on a farm | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Quarantined farme | 1.56 (1.10, 2.20)* | 0.93 (0.75, 1.15) | 1.17 (0.67, 2.05) | |
| Non-quarantined farm | 1.11 (0.82, 1.51) | -g | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 1.27 (0.68, 2.39) |
| I am not sure | 1.03 (0.56, 1.87) | 1.06 (0.75, 1.48) | 2.32 (0.79, 6.88) | |
| Born in 1975 or after | -f | 0.81 (0.64, 1.04) | 0.88 (0.45, 1.74) | |
| Do you know if you ate any foods contaminated with PBB (such as milk, eggs, other dairy products, or meat)? | ||||
| Definitely not | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Definitely | 2.44 (0.66, 9.01) | 1.43 (0.19, 10.56) | 0.88 (0.64, 1.21) | 1.12 (0.51, 2.43) |
| Probably | 1.81 (0.49, 6.75) | 0.71 (0.29, 1.77) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.39) | 1.55 (0.66, 3.62) |
| I don't know | 2.01 (0.55, 7.37) | 0.57 (0.29, 1.13) | 1.00 (0.74, 1.33) | 1.15 (0.56, 2.43) |
Abbreviation: N, sample number; 10β exponentiated β-coefficients represent the multiplicative change in serum levels for a one-unit change or comparing to the reference group; CI, confidence interval.
The measurements below LOD were imputed by a lognormal probability distribution and maximum likelihood estimation.
PBB-153 and ΣPBDE3 models were adjusted for sex, sampling age, serum lipids, and exposure groups; ΣPCB4 models were adjusted for sex, sampling age, interaction of sex, and sampling age, serum lipids, and exposure groups. Serum lipids were centered around the mean and scaled to one standard deviation (SD).
ΣPCB4 was calculated by adding PCB-118, 138, 153, 180; ΣPBDE3: PBDE-47, 99, 100.
BMI is only available for adults (age ≥ 18).
Farms quarantined because of PBB contamination.
Not applicable due to the limited sample size for this category (n=1).
Not applicable because most were born in 1975 or after.
P-value < 0.05.