Table 1.
General characteristics of studies included in the network meta-analyses.
| Study | Group (treatment) | No. of subjects | Mean age | Disease status | Country | Population | Follow-up duration | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhu et al. [36] | ATO (20 mg) PLA |
86 | 65.78 ± 6.77 | Ischemic stroke | China | Chinese | 6 months | LDL-C, TC, TG |
| Tunçez et al. [37] | ATO (80 mg) ROS (40 mg) |
63 | 57.67 ± 9.35 (ATO) 58.30 ± 11.98 (ROS) |
Acute myocardial infarction | Turkey | Turk | 4 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC |
| Thondapu et al. [38] | ATO (20 mg) ROS (10 mg) |
43 | 54.2 (ATO) 57.5 (ROS) |
De novo coronary artery disease | USA, Japan, and Korea | UNK | 1 year | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Mostafa et al. [17] | ATO (80 mg) ROS (40 mg) |
100 | 54.6 ± 9 (ATO) 54.9 ± 8.4 (ROS) |
Acute coronary syndrome/dyslipidemia | Arab Republic of Egypt | Egyptians | 1 month | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Zhao and Peng 2017 [24] | ATO (10 mg) ROS (5 mg, 10 mg) |
414 | 59.5 ± 9.51 | Hypercholesterolemia | China | Chinese | 6 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB |
| Canas et al. [39] | PLA ATO |
38 | 15 ± 0.3 | Type 1 diabetes | USA | American | 6 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Aydin et al. [40] | ATO (80 mg) ROS (20 mg) |
120 | 58 ± 11 | ST elevation myocardial infarction | Turkey | Turk | 40 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Moezzi et al. [18] | PLA SIM (40 mg) |
77 | 20-88 | Dyslipidemia | Iran | Iranian | 1 month | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC |
| Correa et al. [41] | SIM (40 mg) PLA |
79 | 18-70 | Hypertension | Brazil | Brazilian | 6 months | LDL-C |
| Koh et al. [42] | PLA ROS (10 mg) PRA (40 mg) |
158 | UNK | Hypercholesterolemia | Korea | Korean | 2 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Nozue et al. [43] | PIT (4 mg) PRA (20 mg) |
164 | 66 ± 9 67 ± 10 | Coronary artery disease | Japan | Japanese | 8 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Nohara et al. [44] | ROS (5 mg) PRA (10 mg) |
298 | Adult | Carotid intima-media thickness | Japan | Japanese | 24 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TG |
| Lee et al. [45] | ATO (20 mg) ROS (10 mg) |
271 | ≧18 years old | Mild coronary atherosclerotic plaques | Korea | Korean | 6 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Nicholls et al. [46] | ATO (80 mg) ROS (40 mg) |
1578 | 18-75 | Coronary disease | USA | American | UNK (endpoint time was during treatment) | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Saku et al. [47] | ATO (10 mg) ROS (2.5 mg) PIT (2 mg) |
228 | 25-75 | Hypercholesterolemia | Japan | Japanese | 16 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TG |
| Hernández et al. [19] | PLA ATO (10/40 mg) |
62 | 45-75 | Hypercholesterolemia | Spain | Spanish | 3 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Tsutamoto et al. [48] | ROS (2.5 mg) ATO (5 mg) |
63 | 60.6 ± 10.9 59.8 ± 8.8 |
Cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in nondiabetic patient with dilated cardiomyopathy | Japan | Japanese | 6 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Shimabukuro et al. [49] | PIT (2 mg) ATO (10 mg) |
31 | 30–79 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Japan | Japanese | 6 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Bulbulia et al. [50] | PLA SIM (40 mg) |
20536 | 40-80 | High risk of vascular | Britain | British | 3-5 years | LDL-C, TC |
| Sansanayudh et al. [51] | PIT (1 mg) ATO (10 mg) |
100 | ≧18 | Hypercholesterolemia | Thailand | Thai | 8 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Bellia et al. [52] | SIM (20 mg) ROS (20 mg) |
29 | 55 ± 3 | Type 2 diabetes | Italy | Italian | 4 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Su et al. [53] | SIM (40 mg) ATO (10 mg) |
151 | 51–72 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | China | Chinese | 12weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Ose et al. [25] | PIT (2 mg, 4 mg) SIM (20 mg, 40 mg) |
857 | 18–75 | Hypercholesterolemia or dyslipidemia | Russia, Norway, UK, Finland, Italy | Multiple groups | 12 months | LDL-C |
| Kurabayashi et al. [54] | ATO (10 mg) ROS (5 mg) |
405 | ≧20 | Hypercholesterolemia | Japan | Japanese | 8 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Young et al. [55] | ATO (40 mg) ROS (20 mg) |
30 | 60 ± 8 62 ± 9 |
Coronary stenosis | Korea | Korean | 1 year | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Kyeong et al. [56] | ATO (20 mg) ROS (10 mg) |
117 | 63.5 ± 11.67 63.4 ± 10.88 |
Acute coronary syndrome | Korea | Korean | 40 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Kom et al. [57] | PLA ATO (40 mg) |
24 | 35-60 | Hypercholesterolemia | Germany | German | 6 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC |
| Marketou et al. [58] | SIM (40 mg) ATO (40 mg) |
88 | 35-70 | Hyperlipidemia | Greece | Greek | 3 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TG |
| Pedersen et al. [59] | SIM (20 mg) ATO (80 mg) |
8888 | ≦80 | Myocardial infarction | Europe | European | 5 years | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Sirtori et al. [60] | ATO (10 mg) PRA (20 mg) |
86 | UNK | Hyperlipidemia | Italy | Italian | 12 weeks | LDL-C |
| Nissen et al. [61] | PRA (40 mg) ATO (80 mg) |
654 | 30-75 | Coronary atherosclerosis | USA | American | 18 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Durazzo et al. [20] | PLA ATO (20 mg) |
100 | UNK | After vascular surgery | Brazil | Brazilian | 45 days | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Bevilacqua et al. [62] | FLU (80 mg) ATO (20 mg) |
100 | 45 to 71 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Italy | Italian | 3 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Schwartz et al. [26] | ROS (5 mg, 10 mg) ATO (10 mg) |
382 | ≧18 | Hypercholesterolemia coronary heart disease | US Canada |
American Canadian |
12 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Colhoun et al. [63] | PLA ATO (10 mg) |
2819 | 40–75 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | UK Ireland |
European Irish |
4 years | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Wissen et al. [64] | SIM (40 mg) ATO (80 mg) |
325 | UNK | Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia | Netherland | Dutch | 2 years | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Isaacsohn et al. [27] | PLA SIM (20 mg/40 mg/80 mg) |
195 | 18-70 | Hypertriglyceridemia | USA | American | 6 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC |
| McCrindle et al. [65] | ATO (10 mg-20 mg) PLA |
187 | 10-17 | Hypercholesterolemia | USA Canada Europe South Africa |
American Canadian European African |
26 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Kadikoylu et al. [66] | ATO (10-20 mg) SIM (10-20 mg) |
61 | 39–74 | Primary hypercholesterolemia | USA Europe |
American European |
24 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Manuel-Y-Keenoy et al. [67] | ATO (40 mg) PLA |
24 | UNK | Type 1 diabetes | Belgium | European | 12 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Sever et al. [68] | PLA ATO (10 mg) |
10306 | 40–79 | Hypertension | London | British | 5 years | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Winkler et al. [69] | PLA FLU (80 mg) |
89 | 39–86 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Germany | German | 8 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Tan et al. [21] | PLA ATO (10 mg-20 mg) |
80 | UNK | Type 2 diabetes mellitus | Hong Kong | Chinese | 6 months | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC |
| Wang and Ting [70] | ATO (10 mg) PLA |
54 | 60 | Elevated LDL cholesterol | Taiwan | Chinese | 8 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Schrott et al. [71] | PLA ATO |
22 | 47-72 | Modestly overweight (potential tendency of dyslipidemia) | USA | American | 14 days | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Serruys et al. [72] | PLA FLU [80 mg (40 mg bid)] |
1054 | 60 ± 9 61 ± 9 |
After successful coronary balloon angioplasty | Netherlands | Dutch | 26 weeks | LDL-C |
| Mitropoulos et al. [28] | PLA SIM (20 mg, 40 mg) |
162 | 40-75 | Coronary heart disease | London | British | 2 years | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Lam et al. [73] | PLA LOV (20 mg~60 mg) |
34 | UNK | Hypercholesterolemia | China | Chinese | 1 year | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
| Contermans et al. [74] | SIM PRA |
24 | 51 ± 8 | Hypercholesterolemia | Holland | Dutch | 18 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG |
| Mcdowell et al. [75] | PLA SIM (10 mg-40 mg) |
27 | UNK | Primary hypercholesterolemia | Ireland | Irish | 12 weeks | LDL-C, HDL-C, TC, TG, ApoB, ApoA1 |
PLA: placebo; SIM: simvastatin; FLU: fluvastatin; ATO: atorvastatin; ROS: rosuvastatin; LOV: lovastatin; PRA: pravastatin; PIT: pitavastatin; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; ApoA1: Human Apolipoprotein A-1; ApoB: Human Apolipoprotein B; UNK: unknown.