Table 4.
Association of serum urate levels with clinically relevant depression in older adults
| Older men (n = 710) | Older women (n = 909) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio | 95% CI | Odds ratio | 95% CI | |
| Crude analysis | ||||
| Urate levels | ||||
| Low (Q1, Q2) | 3.47 | 1.34, 8.96 | 1.10 | 0.69, 1.76 |
| High (Q3, Q4) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Adjusted analysis | ||||
| Age (per 1 year) | 1.01 | 0.93, 1.08 | 1.01 | 0.96, 1.07 |
| CRP (per 1 mg/L) | 1.03 | 0.94, 1.12 | 0.98 | 0.90, 1.06 |
| Urate levels | ||||
| Low (Q1, Q2) | 3.35 | 1.16, 9.70 | 1.15 | 0.67, 1.98 |
| High (Q3, Q4) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Educational levels | ||||
| Elementary school | 0.96 | 0.19, 4.79 | 2.41 | 0.32, 17.99 |
| Middle school | 0.64 | 0.12, 3.32 | 2.66 | 0.29, 24.74 |
| High school | 0.32 | 0.05, 2.21 | 3.12 | 0.32, 30.56 |
| College | Reference | Reference | ||
| Household income levels | ||||
| 1st quartile | –a | –a | ||
| 2nd quartile | –a | –a | ||
| 3rd quartile | –a | –a | ||
| 4th quartile | Reference | Reference | ||
| Categorized BMI | ||||
| < 18.5 | 0.83 | 0.20, 1.25 | 0.87 | 0.13, 5.84 |
| 18.5–24.9 | Reference | Reference | ||
| ≥ 25 | 0.45 | 0.16, 1.25 | 1.11 | 0.66, 1.87 |
| Presence of chronic disease | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 3.34 | 0.87, 12.79 | 2.92 | 1.31, 6.53 |
| Lifetime diagnosis of depression | ||||
| No | Reference | Reference | ||
| Yes | 1.15 | 0.23, 5.64 | 5.14 | 2.58, 10.26 |
| Perceived health status | ||||
| Very good or good | Reference | Reference | ||
| Fair, poor, or very poor | 13.42 | 1.60, 112.24 | 11.90 | 2.12, 66.84 |
| Perceived stress | ||||
| No or mild | Reference | Reference | ||
| Much or very much | 8.67 | 3.72, 20.21 | 5.91 | 3.26, 10.73 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Non-smoker | Reference | Reference | ||
| Current smoker | 1.17 | 0.45, 3.06 | 3.91 | 1.23, 12.49 |
| Drinking status | ||||
| Non-drinker | Reference | Reference | ||
| Current drinker | 1.69 | 0.64, 4.46 | 0.57 | 0.33, 0.99 |
All values are rounded to two decimal places
Bold values denote statistical significance
BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval, CRP C-reactive protein
aValues are 0 or indefinite, as there were no or a small number of exposed cases and/or control subjects