Figure 3. Silencing of Wip1 promotes the biological effects of TGF‐β.

• A, B
  Effects of the gain of function or loss of function of Wip1 on TGF‐β‐induced growth arrest. HEK293T cells were transfected or not with wt Wip1, Wip1 (D277A), Co siRNA, or Wip1 siRNA as indicated and subjected to CCK‐8 assays before (0 h) and after stimulation with TGF‐β1 (40 ng/ml) (24 h). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3 biological replicates). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by unpaired Student's t‐test. n.s., not significant.
• C–F
  Depletion of Wip1 augments TGF‐β‐induced migration and invasion of MDA‐MB231 breast cancer cells. MDA‐MB231 cells transfected with Co siRNA or Wip1 siRNA were scratched with a 20‐μl pipette tip and then incubated in the absence or presence of TGF‐β1 for the indicated times (C, D) or subjected to transwell assay with or without TGF‐β1 for 20 h (E, F). Data in (D, F) were quantified from three biological replicates and are represented as mean ± SEM. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 by unpaired Student's t‐test. Scale bar, 200 μm.