FIGURE 2.

Relative expression of the respective fungal DCLs and AGOs 5 dpi on (A) tool- and (B) manually-designed-dsRNA-sprayed leaves. The expression was measured via the 2^–ΔΔCt method in which the expression of the respective AGOs and DCLs was normalized against the fungal reference genes EF1α (translation elongation-factor 1 α) and ß-tubulin, and this Δ-Ct value was then normalized against the Δ-Ct of the GFP control. Error bars represent the SE of the four independent experiments, each using 10 leaves of 10 different plants for each transgenic line. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05, **p< 0.01, ***p < 0.001, students t-test).