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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2019 Nov 12;177(2):155–163. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18060721

TABLE 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of included and excluded participants in analysis 1: impact of PRS on psychosis risk prediction in persons at clinical high risk and unaffected comparison subjectsa

Characteristic Clinical High Risk, Psychosis Converter Clinical High Risk, Nonconverter Unaffected Comparison Subjects



Excludedb (N=14) Included (N=80) Excludedc (N=422) Included (N=248) Excludedd (N=63) Included (N=216)

Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
Age (years) 16.90 4.01 18.27 3.50 18.24 4.15 19.09 4.53 19.21 4.48 19.91 4.71
Maternal educatione 6.23 1.42 6.54 1.73 6.29 1.66 6.35 1.54 6.97 1.47 6.79 1.49
Paternal educatione 5.62 1.89 6.42 1.78 6.20 1.77 6.28 1.66 6.61 1.56 6.51 1.68
N % N % N % N % N % N %

Male 9 64.3 50 62.5 238 56.5 138 55.6 32 50.8 109 50.5
Family history of psychosis 2 14.3 16 20.3 54 12.9 45 18.1
Psychiatric diagnoses
 Schizophrenia spectrum disordersf 7 50.0 34 40.0
 Psychosis not otherwise specified 6 42.9 28 35.0
 Major depression with psychosis 0 0.0 1 1.3
 Bipolar disorder with psychosis 0 0.0 6 7.5
 Unknown 1 7.1 11 13.7
Self-reported ancestry
 European 6 42.9 47 58.8 252 60.0 136 54.8 31 49.2 121 56.0
 African (e.g., African, African Caribbean) 1 7.1 11 13.8 53 12.6 53 21.4 6 9.5 42 19.4
 Interracial 4 28.6 10 12.5 50 11.9 33 13.3 12 19.0 17 7.9
 Central or South American 2 14.3 2 2.5 22 5.2 8 3.2 5 7.9 8 3.7
 South Asian (e.g., East Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan) 1 7.1 3 3.8 8 1.9 6 2.4 1 1.6 7 3.2
 East Asian (e.g., Chinese, Japanese, Korean) 0 0.0 4 5.0 22 5.2 7 2.8 5 7.9 17 7.9
 First Nations (e.g., North American Indian, Métis, Inuit) 0 0.0 1 1.2 7 1.7 3 1.2 1 1.6 3 1.4
 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0 0.0 1 1.2 1 0.2 1 0.4 1 1.6 0 0.0
 West/Central Asian and Middle Eastern (e.g., Egyptian, Lebanese, Emirati [United Arab Emirates], Afghan, Iranian) 0 0.0 1 1.2 5 1.2 1 0.4 1 1.6 1 0.5
 Missing 0 0.0 0 0.0 1 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0
a

There were no significant differences between excluded and included individuals in any of the three groupings except in age for the clinical high-risk nonconverter group (p=0.014) and in self-reported ancestry for the unaffected comparison group (p=0.05).

b

Reasons for exclusion among psychosis converters: no DNA sample available (N=12), did not meet high-risk criteria from the Criteria for Psychosis-Risk States (N=2).

c

Reasons for exclusion among nonconverters: sibling exclusion (N=3), only did not meet high-risk criteria from the Criteria for Psychosis-Risk States (N=6), only no DNA sample available (N=25), only less than 2 years of follow-up (N=239), no DNA sample available and did not meet high-risk criteria from the Criteria of Psychosis-Risk States (N=3), less than 2 years of follow-up and did not meet high-risk criteria from the Criteria of Psychosis Risk States (N=5), less than 2 years of follow-up and no DNA sample available (N=131), less than 2 years of follow-up and sibling exclusion (N=5), less than 2 years of follow-up and no DNA sample available and did not meet high-risk criteria from the Criteria of Psychosis-Risk States (N=5).

d

Reasons for exclusion for unaffected individuals: sibling exclusion (N=11), no DNA sample available (N=52).

e

Parental education is scaled from 1 to 9, where 1=no schooling, 2=some primary school, 3=completed primary school, 4=some high school, 5=completed high school, 6=some college/technical school/undergraduate, 7=completed college/technical school/undergraduate, 8=some graduate/professional school, and 9=completed graduate/professional school.

f

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders included schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder.