Table 1.

Anthropometry and Bone Mineral Densities by ART Status in Women Participating 12 and 24 Months

	Nref		ART‐N		ART‐Y		Interaction*
	12 months	24 months	12 months	24 months	12 months	24 months	p
Bone mineral density (aBMD g/cm 2 )
Lumbar spine	1.031 ± 0.119	1.039 ± 0.122	1.040 ± 0.116	1.043 ± 0.120	0.983 ± 0.124a,d	0.990 ± 0.127a,d	0.93
Total hip	1.041 ± 0.142	1.073 ± 0.139h	1.051 ± 0.146	1.079 ± 0.147i	0.985 ± 0.126a,d	1.002 ± 0.124a,d,i	0.61
Femoral neck	0.923 ± 0.137	0.960 ± 0.152h	0.962 ± 0.144c	0.984 ± 0.174	0.892 ± 0.132c,d	0.909 ± 0.144a,d	0.40
WBLH	0.965 ± 0.081	0.966 ± 0.084	0.973 ± 0.077	0.969 ± 0.836	0.942 ± 0.076a,d	0.940 ± 0.078a,d	0.79
Anthropometry
Weight (kg)	74.4 ± 15.8	76.4 ± 15.8	74.0 ± 13.9	73.0 ± 13.9	68.4 ± 16.7a,d	69.5 ± 15.6a,d,g	0.13
BMI (kg/m2)	30.2 ± 6.6	31.1 ± 6.7i	28.9 ± 5.2b	28.6 ± 4.7a	26.9 ± 6.0a,d	27.5 ± 5.5a,d,g	0.29
Fat mass, WBLH (kg)	29.8 ± 11.6	31.0 ± 11.4	28.8 ± 8.5	29.4 ± 8.8	24.1 ± 11.2a,d	25.8 ± 11.6a,d,g	0.07
Lean mass, WBLH (kg)	38.9 ± 4.7	39.2 ± 5.2	39.7 ± 6.4	39.8 ± 6.2	38.3 ± 5.8c,d	38.3 ± 5.3e	0.91
Fat:lean2 (1000*kg/kg2)	19.3 ± 4.9	20.0 ± 5.3	18.6 ± 4.7	18.7 ± 4.6c	16.0 ± 5.0a,d	17.2 ± 5.3a,d,h	0.13
Waist (cm)	91.9 ± 12.4	90.2 ± 18.5	92.7 ± 13.4	87.5 ± 22.5	89.2 ± 14.6b,d	86.9 ± 19.0b,f	0.74
Hip (cm)	111.6 ± 13.4	114.4 ± 13.0	110.3 ± 9.3	111.1 ± 7.9	105.3 ± 12.4a,d	106.6 ± 12.0a,d,i	0.86
Waist:hip (cm/cm)	0.82 ± 0.07	0.79 ± 0.14	0.84 ± 0.08	0.82 ± 0.09	0.84 ± 0.07c	0.81 ± 0.14c	0.96

Nref, n = 39, HIV‐negative; ART‐N, n = 28, people with HIV (PWH) not on ART 0 to 24 months; ART‐Y, n = 43; PWH on ART at 24 months who initiated prior to 12 months, Data are means ± SDs, aBMD data are unadjusted. Variables with missing datapoints are in the footnote to Supplementary Table S1.

Significance of differences from Scheffé post hoc tests from hierarchical linear models of the variable in natural logarithms in the two‐timepoint model with timepoint (12/24 months), group (Nref/ART‐N/ART‐Y), ID (nested within group) and a group‐by‐timepoint interaction, as follows:

between ART‐N or ART‐Y and Nref at each timepoint ^a ≤0.001, ^b ≤0.01, ^c ≤0.05;

between ART‐N and ART‐Y at each timepoint: ^d ≤0.001, ^e ≤0.01, ^f ≤0.05;

between 12 and 24 months in each group: ^g ≤0.001, ^h ≤0.01, ⁱ ≤0.05.

aBMD = areal bone mineral density; ART = antiretroviral therapy; ART‐N = those unexposed to ART throughout; ART‐Y = those who had initiated ART before 12 months and continued to 24 months; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; Nref = HIV‐negative reference women; WBLH = whole body less head.

^* Interaction p = significance of group‐by‐timepoint interaction term in the two‐timepoint model (12/24 months).