Table 2.

Difference in Anthropometry and Bone Mineral Densities Relative to Nref in ART‐N and ART‐Y Groups at 12 and 24 Months

	ART‐N		ART‐Y
	12 months	24 months	12 months	24 months
	%	%	%	%
aBMD unadjusted
Lumbar spine	+0.9 ± 1.0	+0.4 ± 1.0	−5.0 ± 0.9a	−5.2 ± 0.9a
Total hip	+0.9 ± 0.9	+0.7 ± 1.0	−5.4 ± 0.8a	−6.5 ± 0.8a
Femoral neck	+4.0 ± 1.3b	+2.1 ± 1.3	−3.4 ± 1.2c	−5.6 ± 1.2a
WBLH	+0.8 ± 0.5	+0.4 ± 0.5	−2.6 ± 0.5a	−2.5 ± 0.5a
Anthropometry
Weight	−0.1 ± 1.1	−1.6 ± 1.1	−9.0 ± 0.9a	−7.4 ± 1.0a
BMI	−3.7 ± 1.1b	−4.6 ± 1.2a	−11.5 ± 1.0a	−9.8 ± 1.1a
Fat mass	−1.1 ± 2.6	−4.6 ± 2.6	−23.6 ± 2.4a	−18.6 ± 2.4a
Lean mass	+1.4 ± 0.8	+1.3 ± 0.8	−1.8 ± 0.7c	−1.5 ± 0.7
Fat:Lean2	−3.9 ± 2.7	−7.2 ± 2.7c	−20.0 ± 2.5a	−15.6 ± 2.5a

Nref, n = 39, HIV‐negative; ART‐N, n = 28, people with HIV (PWH) not on ART 0 to 24 months; ART‐Y, n = 43; PWH on ART at 24 months who initiated prior to 12 months. Data are percentage mean differences relative to Nref at the same timepoint ± SEs.

Significance of differences between ART‐N or ART‐Y and Nref at each timepoint from Scheffé post hoc tests hierarchical linear models of the variable in natural logarithms in the 2‐timepoint model with timepoint (12/24 months), group (Nref/ART‐N/ART‐Y), ID (nested within group) and a group‐by‐timepoint interaction:

^a≤0.001,

^b≤0.01,

^c≤0.05.

The significance of other comparisons between groups and across time can be found in Tables 1 and supplementary tables.

aBMD = areal bone mineral density; ART = antiretroviral therapy; ART‐N = those unexposed to ART throughout; ART‐Y = those who had initiated ART before 12 months and continued to 24 months; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; Nref = HIV‐negative reference women; WBLH = whole body less head.