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. 2020 Mar 18;4(5):e10343. doi: 10.1002/jbm4.10343

Table 3.

Biochemistry by ART Status in Women Participating at 12 and 24 Months

Nref ART‐N ART‐Y Interaction*
12 months 24 months 12 months 24 months 12 months 24 months p
Serum
25 (OH)D (nmol/L) 64.9 ± 16.4 63.8 ± 19.2 69.0 ± 18.9 74.3 ± 14.5b 60.3 ± 20.2e 67.4 ± 18.1f,h 0.06
Phosphate (mmol/L) 1.15 ± 0.20 1.01 ± 0.15g 1.15 ± 0.19 1.03 ± 0.18h 1.21 ± 0.24 1.03 ± 0.14g 0.55
Calciumcorr (mmol/L) 2.48 ± 0.09 2.45 ± 0.10 2.48 ± 0.09 2.46 ± 0.09 2.47 ± 0.11 2.44 ± 0.09 0.94
Magnesium (mmol/L) 0.81 ± 0.07 0.80 ± 0.08 0.79 ± 0.07 0.77 ± 0.07c 0.80 ± 0.05 0.79 ± 0.07 0.70
Albumin (g/L) 40.6 ± 3.3 38.9 ± 2.8 39.0 ± 4.1c 37.7 ± 4.3c,i 38.7 ± 4.7b 38.9 ± 3.5e 0.02
Creatinine# (μmol/L) 68.5 ± 8.7 66.3 ± 10.7 62.7 ± 9.0b 58.7 ± 7.4a,i 64.0 ± 11.4b 63.5 ± 11.6d 0.07
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) 100.8 ± 14.1 102.3 ± 15.5 107.5 ± 13.2b 111.6 ± 10.3a,i 105.3 ± 14.2 104.2 ± 14.0d 0.10
TALP (U/L) 52.8[42.9,61.0] 51.1[40.8,60.0] 45.7[40.2,59.5] 47.5[38.1,58.9] 79.3[57.7,89.3]a,d 67.3[54.1,83.8]a,d 0.32
P1NP (μg/L) 46.1[35.8,61.0] 46.4[36.6,62.1] 50.8[37.5,71.5] 49.0[36.2,57.8] 75.4[58.9,102.3]a,d 67.2[46.9,86.7]a,e,i 0.14
β‐CTX (ng/L) 109[69,189] 151[109,263]h 131[86,233] 176[115,252]i 183[120,256]a,e 219[131,310] 0.09
PTH (ng/L) 23.3[15.2,31.1] 37.9[30.2,46.5]g 21.1[14.0,27.4] 27.6[20.7,38.8]c,h 23.0[16.9,33.9]f 40.6[29.4,52.5]e,g 0.58
CRP (mg/L) 4.2[3.1,7.4] 4.1[3.1,5.0] 4.4[3.7,5.9] 4.2[3.7,5.4] 4.3[3.5,15.3] 5.1[3.8,13.2]f 0.70
Ferritin (μg/L) 32.3[13.1,80.0] 44.3[13.6,77.4] 42.2[11.8,59.3] 38.5[16.8,63.9] 16.7[10.7,42.4]b,e 25.4[15.4,30.2]c 0.69
Urine
Phosphate:Cre 1.00 ± 0.53 0.99 ± 0.62 1.28 ± 0.69 1.18 ± 0.64c 1.41 ± 0.64 1.28 ± 0.69b 0.49
Calcium:Cre 0.08[0.03,0.15] 0.06[0.03,0.15] 0.08[0.03,0.13] 0.11[0.06,0.12] 0.07[0.03,0.18] 0.08[0.02,0.19] 0.19
Magnesium:Cre 0.17 ± 0.08 0.15 ± 0.08 0.15 ± 0.07 0.15 ± 0.04 0.23 ± 0.12e 0.19 ± 0.10 0.04
TmP/GFR (mmol/L) 1.26 ± 0.32 1.08 ± 0.26h 1.20 ± 0.26 1.10 ± 0.27 1.24 ± 0.33 1.03 ± 0.21g 0.47

Nref, n = 39, HIV‐negative; ART‐N, n = 28, people with HIV (PWH) not on ART 0 to 24 months; ART‐Y, n = 43; PWH on ART at 24 months who initiated prior to 12 months. Data are means ± SDs for normal distributions, for those with positive skew (¶) are median [25,75 percentile]. *Interaction p = significance of group‐by‐timepoint interaction term in the two‐timepoint model (12/24 months). #Serum creatinine values, assayed using the Jaffe method, were corrected to provide traceability to the reference method using the compensation equation: compensated creatinine (μmol/L) = (measured value‐26.8) × 1.168 μmol/L. Variables with missing datapoints are in the footnote to Supplementary Table S4.

Significance of differences from Scheffé post hoc tests from hierarchical linear models of the variable in natural logarithms in the three‐timepoint model with timepoint (0/12/24 months), group (Nref/ART‐N/ART‐Y), ID (nested within group), and a group‐by‐timepoint interaction, as follows:

between ART‐N or ART‐Y and Nref at each timepoint a ≤0.001, b ≤0.01, c ≤0.05.

between ART‐N and ART‐Y at each timepoint: d ≤0.001, e ≤0.01, f ≤0.05;

between 12 and 24 months in each group: g ≤0.001, h ≤0.01, i ≤0.05.

25(OH)D = 25‐hydroxyvitamin D; aBMD = areal bone mineral density; ART = antiretroviral therapy; ART‐N = those unexposed to ART throughout; ART‐Y = those who had initiated ART before 12 months and continued to 24 months; CRP = C‐reactive protein; Cre = urine creatinine used to develop urine mineral ratios in mmol/mmol; eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate using the CKD‐EPI formula with no black factor; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; Nref = HIV‐negative reference women; TALP = total alkaline phosphatase; P1NP = serum type 1 procollagen N‐terminal; β‐CTX = serum collagen type 1 cross‐linked β‐C‐telopeptide; TmP = tubular maximum reabsorption rate of phosphate.