Table 1.
Patients who developed Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) versus those who did not
| Did not develop future CDI (n = 38,251) | Developed future CDI (n = 284) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at H pylori diagnosis, years (median, IQR) | 62 (53, 69) | 64 (56.5, 70.5) | 0.001 |
| Male gender | 35135 (91.9%) | 253 (89.1%) | 0.090 |
| Race | 0.30 | ||
| White | 16,210 (42.4%) | 134 (47.2%) | |
| Black or African American | 11,523 (30.1%) | 75 (26.4%) | |
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 303 (0.8%) | 1 (0.4%) | |
| Asian | 221 (0.6%) | 1 (0.4%) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 305 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Unknown | 9,689 (25.3%) | 73 (25.7%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.01 | ||
| Not Hispanic / Latino | 25,346 (66.3%) | 199 (70.1%) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 4,318 (11.3%) | 16 (5.6%) | |
| Unknown | 8,587 (22.4%) | 69 (24.3%) | |
| Smoking history | 9,720 (25.4%) | 85 (29.9%) | 0.08 |
| Poverty level of zip code where patient resided at H pylori diagnosis | 0.62 | ||
| < 10% residing below poverty level | 7,849 (20.5%) | 65 (22.9%) | |
| 10 – 24.9% residing below poverty level | 17,981 (47.0%) | 129 (45.4%) | |
| 25 – 49.9% residing below poverty level | 9,629 (25.2%) | 70 (24.6%) | |
| ≥50% residing below poverty level | 1,100 (2.9%) | 5 (1.8%) | |
| Unknown | 1,692 (4.4%) | 15 (5.3%) | |
| Prior history of CDI | 1,583 (4.1%) | 165 (58.1%) | <0.001 |
| Recent hospitalization | <0.001 | ||
| None | 37,799 (98.8%) | 191 (67.3%) | |
| Within 12 weeks | 192 (0.5%) | 44 (15.5%) | |
| Within 4 weeks | 260 (0.7%) | 49 (17.3%) | |
| Method of H pylori diagnosis | 0.23 | ||
| Pathology | 26,688 (69.8%) | 185 (65.1%) | |
| Stool Antigen | 11,166 (29.2%) | 96 (33.8%) | |
| Urea Breath Test | 397 (1.0%) | 3 (1.1%) | |
| Received treatment for H pylori diagnosis | 28630 (74.8%) | 188 (66.2%) | <0.001 |
| H pylori regimen included: | |||
| Amoxicillin | 21,727 (56.8%) | 126 (44.4%) | <0.001 |
| Clarithromycin | 21,845 (57.1%) | 129 (45.4%) | <0.001 |
| Levofloxacin | 444 (1.2%) | 4 (1.4%) | 0.70 |
| Metronidazole | 6,640 (17.4%) | 57 (20.1%) | 0.23 |
| Rifabutin | 7 (<1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.82 |
| Tetracycline | 19 (<1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.71 |
| PPI that H pylori regimen included: | 0.28 | ||
| Omeprazole | 22,071 (81.5%) | 149 (84.7%) | |
| Pantoprazole | 3,094 (11.4%) | 15 (8.5%) | |
| Rabeprazole | 908 (3.4%) | 9 (5.1%) | |
| Dexlansoprazole | 2 (<1%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Lansoprazole | 1,011 (3.7%) | 3 (1.7%) | |
| High dose PPI use | 2,895 (10.7%) | 20 (11.4%) | 0.77 |
| PPI use outside of H pylori regimen | 0.57 | ||
| No | 23,725 (82.9%) | 158 (84.0%) | |
| Yes | 3,360 (11.7%) | 18 (9.6%) | |
| Unknown | 1,545 (5.4%) | 12 (6.4%) |