Figure 5.

Increased counts of neutrophils and classical and nonclassical monocytes in inactive relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMSi) individuals. Lineage⁺ lymphocytes, Lineage⁻ SSC^hi granulocytes, CD15⁺ neutrophils, and monocyte subpopulations were identified in whole-blood samples from healthy controls (n = 15) and MS patients stratified by disease course type [active progressive MS (PMSa): n = 14, inactive progressive MS (PMSi): n = 13, active relapsing-remitting MS (RRMSa): n = 8 and RRMSi: n = 30] as presented in Supplementary Figure S1. Levels of the studied populations are expressed as counts per microliter of whole blood. Each point denotes a single observation, bars depict group-wise means, and error bars represent SEM. Statistical significance was determined by one (healthy/MS disease status) and two-way (disease progression form, activity and form: activity interaction, MS collective) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age and sex as confounders. Results of the two-way ANCOVA are presented under the plots. post hoc testing was performed with Benjamini–Hochberg-corrected two-tailed T tests. Significant results of post hoc test are presented within the plots. (A) Classical monocytes. ANCOVA for the disease status: F_{1, 76} = 5, p = 0.029; age: F_{1, 76} = 0.017, ns; sex: F_{1, 76} = 0.56, ns. (B) Intermediate monocytes. ANCOVA for the disease status: F_{1, 76} = 3.6, ns; age: F_{1, 76} = 0.007, ns; sex: F_{1, 76} = 0.22, ns. (C) Nonclassical monocytes. ANCOVA for the disease status: F_{1, 76} = 9.8, p = 0.0025; age: F_{1, 76} = 0.39, ns; sex: F_{1, 76} = 0.032, ns. (D) CD15⁺ neutrophils. ANCOVA for the disease status: F_{1, 76} = 5.8, p = 0.019; age: F_{1, 76} = 4.8, p = 0.032; sex: F_{1, 76} = 1.3, ns. (E) Lineage⁻ SSC^hi granulocytes. ANCOVA for the disease status: F_{1, 76} = 4.8, p = 0.031, F_{1, 76} = 3, ns, F_{1, 76} = 0.96, ns. (F) Lineage⁺ lymphocytes. ANCOVA for the disease status: F_{1, 76} = 0.63, ns; age: F_{1, 76} = 1.5, ns; sex: F_{1, 76} = 0.23, ns.