Table 4.
Author, year | Study Design | Level of Evidence | Subjects (n) | Study Groups | Study outcomes | Conclusion | Directness of evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genangeli, 2019 [18] | Experimental study | N/A | N/A | Different tissues, non-human | Mass spectrometry of air sample obtained using CO2 laser on different tissues | CO2 lasers can generate aerosols with detectable molecular profiles for all tissues tested | Direct |
Kashima, 1991 [20] | Descriptive, cross sectional study | N/A | 22 | Patients with recurrent respiratory laryngeal papillomatosis | PCR of air samples for HPV DNA |
1. 17/30 vapor samples were positive for HPV. 14 paired tissue and vapor samples revealed the same HPV type. 2. HPV-DNA in the vapor can be of concern to the operating team. |
Direct |
Garden, 1988 [21] | Descriptive, cross sectional study | N/A | 7 | Patients with plantar or mosaic verrucae | Electrophoresis and visualization of HPV DNA in air samples |
1. Intact human papillomavirus DNA was present in the vapor for two of the seven patients. 2. Viral DNA can be released during the laser treatment for verrucae, even with clinically relevant laser parameter settings. |
Direct |
Sawchuk, 1989 [22] | Experimental study | N/A | 8 | Human plantar warts | Dot-blot analysis of HPV DNA in air samples | Five of eight laser-derived vapors were positive for HPV DNA. | Direct |
Gloster, 1995 [23] | Case control study | 4 | 31/6124 | CO2 laser surgeons and patients with warts | Incidence of HPV lesions in CO2 laser surgeons | The overall incidence of acquired HPV warts, was not significantly different from the incidence of control patients. However, the incidence of nasopharyngeal warts was higher in CO2 laser surgeons (13%) compared to the control population (0.6%). | Indirect |
PCR polymerase chain reaction
HPV Human papilloma virus
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid