Table 2.

Logistic Regression Coefficients (Standard Errors in Parentheses) for Association between Paternal Incarceration and Early Suspension or Expulsion

Variables	A Bivariate	B Add Controls for School and Neighborhood Characteristics	C Add Other Controls
Main Explanatory Variable
Father incarcerated between Y1 and Y5	0.878 *** (0.094)	0.699 *** (0.098)	0.454 *** (0.120)
School and Neighborhood Controls
School majority black		0.665 *** (0.138)	0.261 (0.155)
School majority Hispanic		−0.212 (0.161)	0.145 (0.204)
School majority free/reduced-price lunch		0.137 (0.154)	0.012 (0.171)
School out-of-school suspension rate ln(sqrt + 1)		1.861 *** (0.451)	1.350 * (0.536)
Neighborhood disadvantage		0.285 *** (0.060)	0.153 * (0.069)
N	3,201	3,201	3,201

Notes: Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. Sample limited to observations with nonmissing values for survey items about child’s experience with suspension or expulsion by Y9. Children with deceased/unknown fathers by Y5 are excluded. Other controls include paternal incarceration by Y1, child and parent demographic and health characteristics, parents’ marital status at child’s birth, parent antisocial behaviors, religiosity, cognitive ability, and sample city. Results combined across 25 multiply imputed datasets; analyses are unweighted. Y1 = one-year follow-up survey; Y5 = five-year follow-up; Y9 = nine-year follow-up.

^***p<.001

^*p<.05 (two-tailed tests)