Table 5. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s proportional hazard analyses of factors for mortality in Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease patients.

Variables	Among the deaths (n = 63)	Univariate		Multivariate
		HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Age, years	69.6 ± 10.7	1.060 (1.033–1.086)	<0.001
Age ≥ 65 years	46 (73.0%)	2.960 (1.692–5.179)	<0.001	2.044 (1.075–3.887)	0.029
Sex, male	46 (73.0%)	3.792 (2.170–6.626)	<0.001	2.534 (1.376–4.664)	0.003
Body mass index, kg/m2	19.0 ± 3.6	0.854 (0.786–0.927)	<0.001	0.858 (0.786–0.937)	0.001
Smoking, pack-years	32.2 ± 19.3	1.006 (0.990–1.023)	0.465
NTM type, with cavity	18 (28.6%)	1.299 (0.751–2.248)	0.349
AFB smear
Negative	43 (68.3%)	Reference		Reference
1+ or 2+	14 (22.2%)	3.151 (1.705–5.822)	<0.001	2.849 (1.493–5.437)	0.001
3+ or 4+	6 (9.5%)	2.380 (0.981–5.775)	0.055	2.477 (0.999–6.139)	0.050
Malnutrition, Diagnosis (PNI < 45)	29 (46.0%)	4.421 (2.686–7.277)	<0.001	2.755 (1.610–4.715)	<0.001
PNI, diagnosis	44.5 ± 10.4	0.906 (0.880–0.932)	<0.001
Treatment started	27 (42.9%)	0.644 (0.388–1.071)	0.090	0.496 (0.288–0.854)	0.011
Treatment longer than 12 months	11 (17.5%)	0.356 (0.185–0.686)	0.002
Treatment duration, months	10.7 ± 8.2	0.941 (0.896–0.989)	0.016
Time from diagnosis to treatment, months	6.9 ± 20	1.009 (0.979–1.039)	0.576
Hypertension	30 (47.6%)	1.560 (0.951–2.560)	0.078	1.140 (0.629–2.067)	0.665
Diabetes	16 (25.4%)	1.950 (1.105–3.441)	0.021	1.348 (0.723–2.514)	0.347
Chronic liver disease	2 (3.2%)	0.410 (0.100–1.678)	0.215
Chronic kidney disease	6 (9.5%)	2.209 (0.950–5.140)	0.066	1.701 (0.685–4.227)	0.253
Cardiovascular disease	16 (25.4%)	1.987 (1.121–3.520)	0.019	1.363 (0.718–2.590)	0.344
Cancer	31 (49.2%)	2.841 (1.731–4.664)	<0.001	2.477 (0.999–6.139)	0.001

List of Abbreviations: HR, hazards ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; PNI, prognostic nutritional index;

*PNI = 10 × serum albumin value (g/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood (1000 cells/μL)