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. 2020 May 6;15(5):e0232410. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232410

Table 1. Comparisons among Edmontosaurus.

PCF Edmontosaurus E. annectens E. regalis Ontogenetic variation Intraspecific variation Lambeosauine possibility Taxonomic validity
Character potentially differentiating the PCF Edmontosaurus from E. annectens and E. regalis
Height/length ratio of maxilla <0.34 >0.37 0.39 Ratio get smaller Present Absent Possible
Characters potentially differentiating the PCF Edmontosaurus from E. annectens and E. regalis, but cannot be tested
Lacrimal shape Anteroposteriorly elongated, wedge-shaped Robust, blunt anterior end Robust, blunt anterior end ? ? Unlikely Dubious
Bi-lobed ventral process of the predentary Short Long Long ? ? ? Dubious
Ventral transverse ridge between the basipterygoid processes of the basisphenoid Absent Present Present ? Present Possible Dubious
Secondary ridge of dentary teeth Present Absent Absent ? Present Absent Dubious