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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: Maturitas. 2018 Jun 5;114:67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.001

Table 2.

a. Heritability of ASM, SMI, and RASM.

ASM SMI RASM
h2 SE p-value h2 SE p-value h2 SE p-value
From parents to offspring (son or daughter)
Model 1 0.60 0.04 <0.01 0.67 0.04 <0.01 0.59 0.04 <0.01
Model 2 0.59 0.04 0.66 0.04 0.59 0.04
Model 3 0.67* 0.04 0.73 0.05 0.71* 0.04
Model 4 0.66* 0.04 0.72 0.04 0.70* 0.04
From parents to son
Model 1 0.59 0.06 <0.01 0.57 0.05 <0.01 0.55 0.06 <0.01
Model 2 0.58 0.06 0.57 0.05 0.55 0.06
Model 3 0.71* 0.06 0.65 0.06 0.68 0.07
Model 4 0.71* 0.06 0.64 0.06 0.67 0.07
From parents to daughter
Model 1 0.60 0.05 <0.01 0.77 0.05 <0.01 0.61 0.05 <0.01
Model 2 0.60 0.05 0.77 0.05 0.61 0.05
Model 3 0.65* 0.05 0.80 0.05 0.71 0.05
Model 4 0.64* 0.05 0.79 0.05 0.71 0.05

Model 1: adjusted for age and sex.

Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, home income, education level, and marital status.

Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, home income, education level, marital status, BMI, daily energy intake, daily protein intake, smoking/drinking habit, exercise, and physical activity.

Model 4: adjusted for all the covariates mentioned in model 3 and whether the participants had certain medical conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, stroke, MI/angina, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, chronic renal failure, depression, or cancer.