(a) Absolute numbers and frequencies over time of CD27−IgD+ naïve B cells showing rapid repopulation post–alemtuzumab induction. (b) Absolute numbers and frequencies over time of memory B cells, including CD27+IgD− (switched), CD27+IgD+ (unswitched), and CD27−IgD− (exhausted) memory subsets. Alemtuzumab induction and belatacept-based immunotherapy significantly inhibits the repopulation of memory B cells. (c) Analysis of naïve and memory B cells using Bm1-Bm5 classification based on CD38/IgD expression shows that repopulating B cells are arrested at the Bm2 stage, consisting largely of naïve B cells. The Bm2’ subset, considering mainly regulatory/transitional cells, increases significantly over time during B cell repopulation. The box borders indicate 75th and 25th percentile, and the line within box indicates median. Upper and lower whiskers represent 90th and 10th percentiles. The dots represent fifth and 95th percentiles.