Table 2.
Factors associated with fair/poor health and ≥14 mentally unhealthy days among adults with current asthma, 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Systema
| Characteristics | Fair/poor self-rated health | ≥14 mentally unhealthy days | Fair/poor self-rated health | ≥14 mentally unhealthy days | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted prev, % (95% CI) |
Unadjusted prev, % (95% CI) |
Unadjusted PR (95% CI) |
Adjusted PR (95% CI) |
Unadjusted PR (95% CI) |
Adjusted PR (95% CI) |
||
| Total | 33.1 (32.2, 34.0) | 22.9 (22.1, 23.8) | |||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Male | 31.5 (29.9, 33.2) | 20.3 (18.8, 21.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Female | 34.0 (32.9, 35.0) | 24.3 (23.3, 25.3) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.86, 0.98) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.30) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.08) | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||||
| White NH | 31.1 (30.2, 32.1) | 22.3 (21.3, 23.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Black NH | 36.0 (33.4, 38.7) | 23.0 (20.5, 25.7) | 1.16 (1.07, 1.25) | 1.06 (0.97, 1.16) | 1.03 (0.92, 1.16) | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | |
| American Indian/Alaskan Native NH | 50.6 (44.4, 56.8) | 34.8 (28.9, 41.2) | 1.63 (1.43, 1.85) | 1.25 (1.06, 1.46) | 1.56 (1.30, 1.88) | 0.98 (0.78, 1.22) | |
| Asian NH | 19.9 (14.0, 27.5) | 14.1 (9.4, 20.7) | 0.64 (0.46, 0.90) | 1.07 (0.76, 1.49) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.94) | 1.01 (0.70, 1.46) | |
| Other NH | 41.7 (37.0, 46.6) | 32.5 (27.8, 37.6) | 1.34 (1.19, 1.51) | 1.34 (1.20, 1.49) | 1.46 (1.25, 1.71) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.42) | |
| Hispanic | 38.4 (35.0, 42.0) | 24.5 (21.4, 28.0) | 1.23 (1.12, 1.36) | 1.31 (1.18, 1.45) | 1.10 (0.96, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.22) | |
| Age, year range | |||||||
| 18–24 | 16.5 (14.2, 19.2) | 22.9 (20.1, 25.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| 25–34 | 21.6 (19.3, 24.1) | 24.4 (21.9, 27.1) | 1.30 (1.08, 1.58) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.26) | 1.01 (0.85, 1.20) | |
| 35–44 | 27.9 (25.8, 30.2) | 24.3 (22.2, 26.5) | 1.69 (1.42, 2.01) | 1.16 (0.95, 1.42) | 1.06 (0.91, 1.24) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.13) | |
| 45–54 | 40.3 (38.3, 42.4) | 28.0 (26.1, 29.9) | 2.44 (2.07, 2.87) | 1.38 (1.13, 1.68) | 1.22 (1.06, 1.41) | 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) | |
| 55–64 | 46.3 (44.3, 48.3) | 24.3 (22.6, 26.1) | 2.80 (2.39, 3.28) | 1.47 (1.21, 1.79) | 1.06 (0.92, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.65, 0.92) | |
| ≥65 | 42.2 (40.5, 44.0) | 14.5 (13.2, 15.9) | 2.55 (2.18, 2.99) | 1.36 (1.11, 1.66) | 0.64 (0.54, 0.74) | 0.59 (0.49, 0.71) | |
| Annual household income | |||||||
| <$15 000 | 60.3 (57.7, 62.8) | 39.2 (36.8, 41.6) | 3.88 (3.54, 4.24) | 2.43 (2.21, 2.68) | 3.09 (2.77, 3.44) | 1.75 (1.54, 1.98) | |
| $15 000–$24 999 | 44.4 (41.9, 46.9) | 31.4 (29.0, 33.9) | 2.85 (2.59, 3.15) | 1.95 (1.76, 2.15) | 2.48 (2.20, 2.79) | 1.67 (1.47, 1.89) | |
| $25 000–$34 999 | 34.2 (31.2, 37.3) | 20.3 (17.7, 23.1) | 2.20 (1.95, 2.47) | 1.61 (1.43 1.82) | 1.60 (1.36, 1.87) | 1.21 (1.04, 1.41) | |
| $35 000–$49 999 | 25.7 (23.2, 28.4) | 18.1 (15.7, 20.8) | 1.65 (1.45, 1.88) | 1.34 (1.18, 1.51) | 1.43 (1.21, 1.68) | 1.23 (1.05, 1.44) | |
| ≥$50 000 | 15.6 (14.4, 16.8) | 12.7 (11.6, 13.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Healthcare coverage | |||||||
| Yes | 32.3 (31.4, 33.3) | 21.9 (21.1, 22.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| No | 40.8 (37.1, 44.6) | 32.1 (28.4, 36.0) | 1.26 (1.15 1.39) | 1.09 (0.98, 1.22) | 1.46 (1.29, 1.66) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.23) | |
| Physical activity | |||||||
| Physically active | 24.8 (23.8, 25.8) | 19.2 (18.2, 20.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Physically inactive | 51.5 (49.6, 53.3) | 31.7 (29.9, 33.5) | 2.08 (1.97, 2.19) | 1.49 (1.40, 1.58) | 1.65 (1.53, 1.79) | 1.29 (1.19, 1.41) | |
| Smoking status | |||||||
| Never smoker | 23.8 (22.7, 25.1) | 16.6 (15.4, 17.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Past smoker | 39.6 (37.8, 41.3) | 21.9 (20.4, 23.4) | 1.66 (1.55, 1.78) | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23) | 1.32 (1.20, 1.46) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) | |
| Current smoker | 48.6 (46.4, 50.7) | 40.0 (37.9, 42.2) | 2.04 (1.91, 2.18) | 1.21 (1.11, 1.31) | 2.42 (2.21, 2.64) | 1.34 (1.21, 1.48) | |
| BMI | |||||||
| Underweight | 44.1 (36.3, 52.2) | 31.0 (23.9, 39.1) | 1.82 (1.50, 2.21) | 1.45 (1.16, 1.80) | 1.49 (1.15, 1.93) | 1.26 (0.96, 1.67) | |
| Normal weight | 24.2 (22.6, 25.8) | 20.8 (19.1, 22.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Overweight | 28.7 (27.1, 30.4) | 20.8 (19.3, 22.3) | 1.19 (1.09, 1.30) | 0.99 (0.91, 1.07) | 1.00 (0.89, 1.12) | 0.96 (0.86, 1.07) | |
| Obese | 42.5 (40.9, 44.1) | 26.6 (25.1, 28.0) | 1.76 (1.63, 1.90) | 1.22 (1.13, 1.32) | 1.28 (1.15, 1.41) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) | |
| Coexisting diseasesb | |||||||
| Yes | 45.3 (44.2, 46.4) | 26.9 (25.9, 27.9) | 4.26 (3.76, 4.82) | 2.28 (1.99, 2.63) | 1.71 (1.54, 1.90) | 1.33 (1.18, 1.51) | |
| No | 10.6 (9.4, 12.0) | 15.7 (14.2, 17.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
| Depression | |||||||
| Yes | 48.6 (46.9, 50.3) | 47.1 (45.4, 48.8) | 1.97 (1.87, 2.08) | 1.34 (1.26, 1.43) | 4.63 (4.25, 5.05) | 3.39 (3.06, 3.76) | |
| No | 24.7 (23.7, 25.7) | 10.2 (9.4, 11.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; Prev, prevalence; PR, prevalence ratio; NH, non-Hispanic
Adjusted logistic regression models constructed for each HRQoL indicator with all potential risk factors included in single model adjusting for all other risk factors in model (sex, race/ethnicity, age, income, health care coverage, physical activity, smoking, BMI, coexisting diseases, and depression). Unadjusted logistic regression models were constructed for each HRQoL indicator, each containing a single risk factor.
Coexisting diseases include heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arthritis, kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension
Note: numbers in bold are statistically significantly associated with the reference category for each independent variable, determined by if the null value 1 is not within the 95% CI of PRs