Table 5.
Clinical studies on the effects of dietary supplements of berry extracts in adults with cardio-metabolic risks
| Reference (year) | Participants | Study design | Intervention | Significant findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xie et al. (2017)105 | Healthy adults, former smokers with 6 month cessation sample size: n = 49 | Randomized, placebo-controlled trial | Aronia extract 500 mg day−1 (Tx1); or color-matched placebo (Cx1) with low-polyphenol diet for 12 weeks | ↓LDL-C, total cholesterol, and LCL-receptor protein in Tx1 vs. Cx1 |
| Alvarado et al. (2016)91 | Pre-diabetic adults sample size: n = 31 | Pre-post intervention trial | Macqui berry extract (Delphinol®) 150 mg day−1 (Tx1) for three months | ↓HbA1C, LDL and ↑HDL from baseline in Tx1 |
| Alvarado et al. (2016)92 | Pre-diabetic adults sample size: n = 43 | Exploratory placebo-controlled, crossover, acute-dose response (2 h) study | Macqui berry extract (Delphinol®) 0 mg (Cx1), 60 mg (Tx1), 120 mg (Tx2), and 180 mg (Tx3) paired with 75 g glucose-solution OGTT | ↓BG and insulin in Tx groups |
| An et al. (2016)90 | Pre-diabetic adults sample size: n = 44 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, triple-arm study | Black raspberry extract 0 mg day−1 (Cx1), 900 mg day−1 (Tx1), and 1800 mg day−1 (Tx2) for 12 weeks | ↓AUC for glucose (2 h- OGTT) in Tx2 vs. Cx1 ↓Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and oxidized LDL in Tx groups |
| Davinelli et al. (2015)106 | Adults with BMI 25–30 kg m−2, light smokers (< 1 pack per day) sample size: n = 42 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study | Macqui berry extract (Delphinol®) 450 mg day−1 (Tx1); or placebo (Cx1) for four weeks | ↓Oxidized LDL in Tx1 from baseline ↓Urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a in Tx1 at four weeks |
| Li et al. (2015)93 | Adults with T2D on medications sample size: n = 58 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study | Anthocyanin extract from bilberry and blackcurrant (Medox) 320 mg day−1 (Tx1); or placebo (Cx1) for 24 weeks | ↓BG, insulin resistance, LDL, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B-48, apolipoprotein C-III, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2a, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, and carbonylated proteins in Tx1 vs. Cx1 ↑adiponectin, β-hydroxybutyrate, and HDL in Tx1 vs. Cx1 |
| Hidalgo et al. (2014)97 | Adults with BG < 100 mg dL−1 and/or IGT 100–125 mg dL−1 with BMI < 30 kg m−2 sample size: n = 10 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover acute-dose (2 h) response study | Macqui berry extract (Delphinol®) 0 mg (Cx1), 200 mg (Tx1) paired with 75 g boiled rice OGTT | ↓BG and insulin in Tx1 vs. Cx1 |
| Lee et al. (2008)96 | Adults with T2D on medications sample size: n = 30 | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-arm study | Encapsulated cranberry extract powder 1500 mg day−1 (Tx1); or placebo capsules (Cx1) for 12 weeks | ↓LDL, HDL, total cholesterol in Tx1 vs. baseline and Cx1 |
Abbreviations: AUC: area under the curve; BG: blood glucose; BMI: body mass index; Cx: control group; DM: diabetes mellitus; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; HTN: hypertension; IFG: impaired fasting glucose; IGT: impaired glucose tolerance; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; SBP: systolic blood pressure; Tx: treatment group.