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. 2020 May 7;20:550. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08697-3

Table 2.

Comparing discord-promoting, political, risk-increasing characteristics among tweets with and without misinformation

Tweet Characteristic Tweets Containing Misinformation Tweets Without Misinformation χ2
Value
P value Degrees of freedom
Promotes discord 45% 26% 40.38 < 0.001 1
Political 36% 24% 15.87 < 0.001 1
Risk Increasing 76% 39% 127.58 < 0.001 1

Table 2: Chi-squared testing found that content promoting social discord, political statements, and risk increasing messaging were all more common in tweets containing misinformation compared to tweets without misinformation. Percentages of tweets with or without misinformation that contain the tweet characteristic of interest are provided, as well as the χ2 value, p-value, and degrees of freedom.