Table 3.

Group Differences in Seed to Whole-Brain Functional Connectivity

Contrast	Seed	Size	Peak t	Peak β	mm x	mm y	mm z	Mean za (SDa)	Mean zb (SDb)	Cohen’s d	Peak Regions
L-ASDa (n = 22) vs. H-ASDb (n = 22)	mPFC	104	−4.45	−.36	8	−50	30	.20 (.13)	.46 (.20)	1.54	Precuneus
	Left pSTS	566	−5.03	−.38	−12	−80	42	.03 (.13)	.25 (.10)	1.90	Cuneal cortex (other: pericalcarine cortex)
		70	−4.69	−.36	−18	−86	24	.12 (.18)	.39 (.17)	1.54	Left lateral occipital cortex, superior division
	Right pSTS	340	−4.91	−.45	24	−86	36	.08 (.12)	.32 (.12)	2.00	Right lateral occipital cortex, superior division (other: cuneal cortex, pericalcarine cortex)
L-ASDa (n = 22) vs. A-TDb (n = 22)	mPFC	127	4.34	.28	8	−78	16	.16 (.15)	−.06 (.15)	1.46	Cuneal cortex (other: pericalcarine cortex)
H-ASDa (n = 22) vs. H-TDb (n = 22)	PCC	90	4.93	.36	30	54	28	.10 (.14)	−.15 (.16)	1.66	Right superior frontal gyrus
		85	4.77	.30	38	16	−8	.00 (.14)	−.22 (.11)	1.75	Right insula
		75	4.63	.31	−34	−72	−26	.09 (.12)	−.13 (.11)	1.91	Left crus I
	Right insula	164	4.24	.28	2	−56	18	.01 (.15)	−.22 (.15)	1.53	Precuneus (other: posterior cingulate cortex)

All clusters reported were significant at the criterion threshold of alpha = .05 (p < .005, voxel extent). Cluster size is reported in voxels (3-mm isotropic resolution). The t score, value, and Montreal Neurological Institute mm coordinates are reported for the peak voxel of the cluster (columns 4–8). Group-level parameter estimates (mean and SD) of clusterwise mean z scores are reported (columns 9 and 10). Cohen’s d is reported for each cluster as an estimated effect size. Peak regions were labeled using the Talairach and Harvard–Oxford cortical and subcortical atlases. For large clusters, other regions covered by the cluster are reported in parentheses. Supplemental Figures S5 and S6 present results for the L-ASD vs. H-ASD contrast with Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule total entered as a covariate and for the L-ASD vs. A-TD contrast with FSIQ included in the model as a covariate.

A-TD, average FSIQ typically developing; FSIQ, full-scale intelligence quotient; H-ASD, higher-functioning autism spectrum disorder; H-TD, higher FSIQ typically developing; L-ASD, lower-functioning autism spectrum disorder; mPFC, medial prefrontal cortex; PCC, posterior cingulate cortex; pSTS, posterior superior temporal sulcus.

^aGroup 1.

^bGroup 2.