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. 2020 May 6;10:7692. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64657-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of CaCl₂, BayK-8644, Caffeine and Ryanodine on human cardiomyocyte contractility. (a) Typical contractility transients recorded from an adult human primary ventricular myocyte in the presence of vehicle control and after exposure to CaCl₂ at 10, 1800, 3000 and 10000 µM. (b), (c) and (d) C-E curves generated with CaCl₂, BayK-8644 and Caffeine, respectively. (e) Typical contractility transients recorded from an adult human primary ventricular myocyte in the presence of vehicle control and after exposure to Ryanodine at 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 µM. (f) C-E curve generated with Ryanodine. Each C-E curve plot shows the effect of a test article on sarcomere shortening as well as the mean data points and the fitted C-E curve. IonWizard software (v1.2.22, www.ionoptix.com) and SigmaPlot v14.0 (www.systatsoftware.com) were used to generate the representative contractility transients and fitted C-E curves, respectively.