Table 3.
Prevalence of most frequent comorbidities and risk factors, by disease (all values are %).
| Comorbidity/Risk Factor | RA | OA | SLE | axSpA | pSpA | Total | 95% CI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular Diseases | MI/ Angina | 5.9 | 11.3 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 4.8 | 6.6 | 4.8–7.7 | 0.018 |
| Cardiac failure | 2.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.1–2.4 | 0.031 | |
| Thrombophlebitis | 1.6 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 0.7–3.3 | 0.654 | |
| Dysrhythmia | 5.5 | 3.8 | 7.9 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 3.0–6.5 | 0.106 | |
| Stroke | 0.7 | 5.2 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 0.7–3.29 | 0.007 | |
| Aneurysm | 1.6 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.1–1.7 | 0.279 | |
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | Hypertension | 36.2 | 48.8 | 25.4 | 17.5 | 38.6 | 36.5 | 32.7–41.1 | <0.001 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 30.3 | 42.3 | 19.0 | 17.5 | 28.9 | 30.7 | 26.4–34.5 | 0.001 | |
| Diabetes | 9.8 | 14.6 | 7.9 | 5.8 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 6.9–13.1 | 0.144 | |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2) | 26.2 | 21.6 | 12.7 | 20.8 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 19.–26.0 | 0.202 | |
| Smoking | 28.0 | 18.3 | 11.1 | 28.2 | 10.8 | 22.1 | 18.9–26.9 | <0.001 | |
| Malignant Neoplasms | All malignancies | 5.9 | 4.3 | 2.2 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 4.3–8.2 | 0.244 |
| Breast cancer | 3.2 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 4.3 | 2.4 | 1.3–3.4 | 0.581 | |
| Prostate cancer | 1.1 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.09–1.9 | 0.921 | |
| Colon cancer | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.07–1.2 | 0.633 | |
| Infections | Tuberculosis* | 2.7 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.6–2.9 | 0.598 |
| Bacterial | 12.2 | 12.5 | 8.8 | 5.5 | 0.0 | 10 | 7.5–12.7 | 0.790 | |
| Other** | 4.4 | 4.8 | 0.7 | 4.9 | 2.2 | 3.2 | 2.2–5.6 | 0.792 | |
| Osteoporosis | Osteoporotic Fractures | 11.4 | 17.4 | 1.6 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 10.8 | 7.3–13.3 | <0.001 |
| FRAX > 10%*** | 25.1 | 24.4 | 22.2 | 6.8 | 10.8 | 20.7 | 17.5–22.7 | <0.001 | |
| Gastro-Intestinal | Gastric Ulcer | 5.5 | 7.1 | 5.8 | 2.4 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 3.4–7.9 | 0.695 |
| Helicobacter pylori | 1.6 | 3.2 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 0.6–3.3 | 0.671 | |
| IBD | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 23.3 | 7.5 | 4.3 | 2.5–6.0 | <0.001 | |
| Psycho- logical | Depression (screened) | 22.1 | 15.0 | 27.0 | 7.8 | 16.9 | 18.1 | 15.0–21.7 | 0.004 |
| Depression (treated) | 18.6 | 11.7 | 19.0 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 14.4 | 11.0–17.45 | 0.019 |
*Tuberculosis: active and latent.
**Other infections: Viral, parasitic and fungal (Hepatitis, CMV, Herpes, Isospora, Toxoplasma, Candida).
***FRAX was available in 380 patients (49.4%).
Comorbidities and risk factors with prevalence >5% are in bold. p-values < 0.05 are in bold.