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. 2020 May 6;10:7651. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64516-0

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Feature engineering identifies CD3+ phenotypes and correlates identified populations. (a) The heatmaps show the CD3+ phenotypes that constitute greater than 0.5% of the live leukocytes in at least one sample. Green indicates positive expression, and blue indicates negative expression of all 18 markers used for analysis in the flow cytometry experiment on the x-axis. The plots are separated by four different CD3+ lineages based on CD4 and CD8 expression (double negative immune cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, and double positive T cells). The “cell” column classifies cells as either central memory, effector, T stem-cell like memory, or unknown cells that need to be explored further. The “resident” column indicates if the population is a resident cell, as determined by expression of CD103. (b) The correlation across study samples between the percentage of cells in each population can be used to see the similarities and differences between different populations. Yellow indicates high positive correlation and purple is high negative correlation. Populations are grouped by cell lineages, and each number on the x-axis and y-axis identifies a separate cell population, corresponding to the population numbers in Fig. 3a.