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Raster plots of the spike trains for three representative layers in FFNs with three topologies as identical (a–c), uniform (d–f) and exponential (g–i) respectively. a Noise intensity D = 10−4; bD = 10−3.7; cD = 10−3.4; dD = 10−4; eD = 10−3.7; fD = 10−3.4; gD = 10−4; hD = 10−3.7; iD = 10−3.4. The connection probability between neurons is set as P = 0.2. The input signal here has the form as , where A = 0.08 and Ts= 5 (Qin et al. 2014)
