Table 2.
Results of cognitive function and results allowing for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome measurement before dietary intervention; min–max; M (SD).
| Tools | Task | MSwithDI, n = 30 | MSw/oDI, n = 29 | SH, n = 24 | One-way ANOVA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F | df | p | |||||
| Stroop Test | Trial 1—time [s] | 15.45–35.50; 22.46 (5.55)** | 15.81–71.52; 24.80 (10.50)*** | 17.81–35.79; 22.84 (4.73)*** | 0.844 | 2 | 0.436 |
| Trial 2—time [s] | 19.67–39.51; 28.64 (5.01) | 17.20–86.83; 32.72 (13.70)*** | 21.62–59.31; 32.09 (9.22)*** | 1.416 | 2 | 0.251 | |
| Trial 3—time [s] | 34.61–67.24; 52. 36 (8.44) |
28.77–137.42; 57.53 (19.84)*** | 36.69–103.71; 60.16 (18.63)** | 1.578 | 2 | 0.215 | |
| Trail Making Test | Test A [s] | 20.52–112.88; 47.47 (21.64)*** | 23.57–121.26; 46.52 (21.90)*** | 23.04–97.84; 45.89 (19.20)** | 0.039 | 2 | 0.962 |
| Test B [s] | 39.32–272.25; 108.67 (50.90)* | 39.98–207.43; 94.60 (44.13)** | 52.93–154.26; 97.11 (27.84) | 0.947 | 2 | 0.393 | |
| Verbal Fluency Test | Animals | 5.00–23.00; 15.00 (4.23) | 3.00–27.00; 14.66 (5.49) |
5.00–21.00; 14.67 (4.03) |
0.052 | 2 | 0.949 |
| Objects starting with letter “K” | 3.00–13.00; 8.07 (2.95) |
0.00–17.00; 7.52 (4.21) |
3.00–15.00; 7.42 (3.22) |
0.283 | 2 | 0.755 | |
| Sharp objects | 1.00–4.00; 6.33 (3.12)* |
1.00–13.00; 6.35 (2.47) |
3.00–13.00; 6.92 (2.67) |
0.373 | 2 | 0.690 | |
| Digit Span Test | Forward | 3.00–8.00; 5.70 (1.21)* |
3.00–13.00; 6.21 (2.14)** |
4.00–9.00; 5.54 (1.53)*** |
1.184 | 2 | 0.312 |
| Backward | 2.00–8.00; 4.40 (1.67)** |
2.00–9.00; 4.45 (1.66)** |
2.00–8.00; 4.42 (1.56) |
0.007 | 2 | 0.993 | |
| All | 6.00–15.00; 10.10 (2.41) | 6.00–22.00; 10.57 (3.24)*** |
4.00–17.00; 9.79 (2.93) |
0.517 | 2 | 0.599 | |
| MS components | Waist circumference | 94.00–148.00 113.77 (14.97) |
93.00–160.00 110.63 (13.90)** |
72.00–121.00 94.15 (12.40) |
16.379 | 2 | <0,001 |
| Body mass | 73.00–147.70 101,24 (19,65) |
67.00–129.00 93.00 (16.37) |
44.00–112.00 76.98 (15.59) |
14.377 | 2 | <0,001 | |
| BMI | 27.14–48.88 35.09 (5.55)* |
24.81–44.12 32.09 (4.86)* |
19.56–39.68 27.74 (4.71) |
15.160 | 2 | <0,001 | |
| Glucose | 80.00–399.00 117.22 (62.33)*** |
61.50–231.00 109.09 (38.29)*** |
74.10–231.20 97.59 (29.88)*** |
1.336 | 2 | 0,270 | |
| HDL | 23.20–81.50 44.76 (14.63)* |
21.70–69.44 39.66 (12.74) |
35.00–74.80 56.77 (10.29) |
13.612 | 2 | <0,001 | |
| TG | 71.70–455.00 209.42 (86.75)** |
68.30–653,40 246,09 (133.87)* |
44.00–157.00 90.83 (29.69) |
21.370 | 2 | <0,001 | |
| Systolic blood pressure | 110.00–160.00 126.00 (12.25)*** |
110.00–140.00 123.33 (6.61)*** |
60.00–140.00 116.56 (14.06)*** |
5.883 | 2 | 0,005 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 50.00–100.00 74.17 (12.25) |
60.00–90.00 76.17 (7.39)** |
60.00–110.00 77.59 (9.24)*** |
0.879 | 2 | 0,420 | |
Source: own research; *p <0.05; **p <0.01; ***p <0.001.