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. 2020 Apr 30;10:192. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00192

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Copyright © 2020 Niu, Wang, Yang, Chen, Zhang, Chen, Zhuge, Li, Cheng, Xu, Chu, Ren, Zhang and Jia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and mitochondrial function were examined in C. albicans cells after treatment with carvacrol. (A) ROS levels were analyzed using DCFH-DA staining. The histogram showed the percentage of DCF-positive cells, and data were shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05. (B) Mitochondrial ROS levels were determined by flow cytometry using a MitoSOX Red mitochondrial superoxide indicator. The histogram showed the percentage of MitoSOX-positive cells, and data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01. (C) The mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using JC-1 staining. The histogram was the quantitative analysis of fluorescence ratio (FL2/FL1), and data was shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.01. (D) Mitochondrial morphology was observed using Mito-Tracker Green. BF, Bright Field. Bar, 5 μm.