Table 1.

Summary of pregnancy outcomes, uterine activity, cytokines, and prostaglandins.

Outcome or cytokine	Saline (N = 6)	GBS (N = 5)	BSCI+GBS (N = 4)	P-value
				Saline vs. BSCI+GBS	GBS vs. BSCI+GBS
MATERNAL AND FETAL OUTCOMES
PTL	0 (0%)	4 (80%)	0 (0%)	NS	0.02
MIAC	0 (0%)	3 (60%)	4 (100%)	0.005*	NS
Fetal Bacteremia	0 (0%)	3 (60%)	4 (100%)	0.005*	NS
Adverse outcomes‡	0 (0%)	5 (100%)	4 (100%)	0.005*	NS
UTERINE CONTRACTILITY
Peak Mean HCA (mm Hg∙s/h)	1,327 (507)	4,008 (763)	3,654 (964)	0.06	NS
Final HCA (mm Hg∙s/h)	607 (434)	3,843 (847)	2,427 (1,189)	0.06	NS
AMNIOTIC FLUID CYTOKINES AND PROSTAGLANDINS (ng/mL)
IL-1β	0.03 (0.02)	5.1 (3.1)	5.8 (2.1)	0.01*	NS
TNF-α	0.03 (0.01)	2.0 (1.2)	1.0 (0.2)	0.01*	NS
IL-6	7.1 (2.6)	22.7 (1.5)	11.8 (7.6)	NS	NS
IL-8	0.9 (0.3)	15.7 (4.2)	3.6 (1.6)	0.06	0.03*
PGE2α	0.5 (0.2)	4.5 (4.1)	3.7 (1.3)	0.03*	NS
PGF2α	0.4 (0.2)	98.5 (98.0)	1.6 (0.8)	NS	NS
FETAL CYTOKINES (pg/mL)
IL-1β	0.9 (0.6)	42.3 (23.2)	3.6 (1.0)	0.02*	0.05
TNF-α	2.3 (1.1)	7.8 (0.8)	3.2 (1.8)	NS	<0.05*
IL-6	3.6 (1.9)	675.3 (413.0)	241.8 (218.0)	0.01*	NS
IL-8	574 (314)	4,721.7 (1745.0)	1,098.4 (885.0)	NS	0.09

BSCI, broad spectrum chemokine inhibitor; GBS, Group B Streptococcus; HCA, hourly contraction area; IL, interleukin; PTL, preterm labor; MIAC, Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PGF2α, prostaglandin F2 alpha; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.

^‡Adverse outcomes represent PTL and/or MIAC.

Maternal and fetal outcomes are shown as number (%) and are compared using Fisher's exact test. Amniotic fluid cytokines and prostaglandins are shown as mean peak (standard error of the mean) in ng/mL. Fetal plasma cytokines (pg/mL) represent the mean quantity at delivery (GBS and BSCI+GBS) or at their peak (saline controls) with standard error of the mean shown in parentheses. Cytokines and prostaglandins are compared between the saline and BSCI+GBS group and the GBS and BSCI+GBS group.

^*P < 0.05 are considered significant, but p ≤ 0.1 are shown due to the small sample size.