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. 2020 Apr 30;14:95. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00095

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Copyright © 2020 Buckley, O’Brien, Brosnan, Ross, Stanton, Buckley and O’Malley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Exendin-4 stimulates calcium release from intracellular stores and influx via voltage-gated calcium channels. (A) The calcium response evoked by exendin-4 (Ex-4, 10 μM) was attenuated by thapsigargin (100 nM, n = 35) and (B) removal of extracellular calcium (n = 17). Specific inhibitors of (C) P/Q-(ω agatoxin IVA 100 nM, n = 9) and (D) N-(ω-conotoxin GVIA, 100 nM, n = 14) type voltage gated calcium channels inhibited Ex-4-evoked calcium responses. (E) The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin (100 nM, n = 11), and (F) the STAT3 inhibitor, WP1006 (1 μM, n = 8) attenuated Ex-4-evoked calcium responses. (G) The ERK-MAPK inhibitor, PD98059 (1 μM, n = 15), had no effect. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.