Table 2.

Material models and properties used in the anisotropic axonal embedded pig brain finite element model

Anatomical part	Material model	Material properties	References
Brain tissue matrix (White matter, corpus callosum, whole brain)	HGO hyperelastic and quasilinear viscoelastic	$G=3.0478\text{kPa}$ $K=2.19\text{GPa}$ $k_1=35.767\text{kPa}$ k2 → 0 $G_1=0.8909\text{kPa}$ G∞ = 0.109 kPa ${\tau }_1=0.035\text{s}$ ρ = 1.04 g/cm3	Coefficients were calibrated in this study based on the experimental tests performed by Rashid et al. (2014)
Axonal fibers	HGO Hyperelastic and quasilinear viscoelastic	k1 = 43.432 kPa k2 → 0 κ depending on FA values	Properties were determined in this study based on the volume fraction ratio and the stiffness ratio of axonal fiber bundle to the brain tissue matrix experimentally identified by Arbogast and Margulies (1999)
Falx	Elastic	E = 15,000 kPa υ = 0.45 ρ = 1.13 g/cm3	Sullivan et al. (2015)
Lateral ventricle	Kelvin–Maxwell linear viscoelastic	G0 = 0.5 kPa G∞ = 0.1 kPa ${\tau }_1=0.0125\text{s}$ $K=2.19\text{GPa}$ ρ = 1.04 g/cm3	Mao et al. (2013)
Brain-skull connector	Elastic spring	$k=3460\text{N}/\text{mm}$	Sullivan et al. (2015)