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Ligament force–strain characteristics from fitting Eq. (7) (solid lines) to modeled data of our L4–L5 unit (dashed polygonal chain) recreating the reduction steps (from top left to bottom right: w/o PLL, w/o VA, w/o CL, w/o FL, w/o ISL, and w/o SSL) from Heuer et al. (2007). For the corresponding parameter values, see Table 3
