Skip to main content
. 2019 Nov 20;19(3):861–874. doi: 10.1007/s10237-019-01254-x

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Top: one-dimensional material model showing the (1) linear-elastic, (2) damage, and (3) fracture region. Pure damage-based unloading (dotted, red line) and tension–compression asymmetry are visible. Bottom: exemplary damage onset surface in principal stress space