3.15. Analysis.

Comparison 3: Antenatal pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) versus control for (mixed) prevention or treatment of incontinence, Outcome 15: Self‐reported measures of pelvic floor dysfunction

Self‐reported measures of pelvic floor dysfunction
Study	Outcome measure	PFMT data	Control data	Difference
PFMT versus no PFMT
Ko 2011	UDI‐6 (0‐100, 100 worse)	Mean 3.44, SD 3.26, n = 150 in late pregnancy; Mean 0.81, SD 1.36, n = 150 at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean 0.35, SD 0.84, n =150 at > 3‐6 months postpartum	Mean 4.66, SD 3.32, n = 150 in late pregnancy; Mean 1.54, SD 1.59, n = 150 at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean 0.86, SD 1.14, n = 150 at > 3‐6 months postpartum	Mean difference ‐1.22 (95% CI ‐1.96 to ‐0.48) in late pregnancy; Mean difference ‐0.73 (95% CI ‐1.06 to ‐0.40) at 0‐3 months' postpartum; Mean difference ‐0.51 (95% CI ‐0.74 to ‐0.28) at > 3‐6 months postpartum
Sut 2016	UDI‐6 (0‐100, 100 worse)	Mean 46.9, SD 8.7, n = 30 in late pregnancy; Mean 34.1, SD 6.6, n = 30 at early postpartum	Mean 44.1, SD 8.7, n=30 in late pregnancy; Mean 34.0, SD 8.2, n=30 at 0‐3 months' postpartum	Mean difference 2.8 (95% CI ‐1.60 to 7.20) in late pregnancy; Mean difference 0.1 (95% CI ‐3.67 to 3.87) at 0‐3 months' postpartum
	Overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB‐q) total score (0‐100, 100 better)	Mean 85.7, SD 13.5, n = 30 in late pregnancy; Mean 97.2, SD 8.7, n = 30 at early postpartum	Mean 90.0, SD 13.6, n = 30 in late pregnancy; Mean 97.6, SD 6.3, n = 30 at 0‐3 months' postpartum	Mean difference ‐4.3 (95% CI ‐11.16 to 2.56) in late pregnancy; Mean difference ‐0.4 (95% CI ‐4.24 to 3.44) at 0‐3 months' postpartum
Szumilewicz 2019	IIQ‐7 (0‐100; 100 worse)	Mean percentage change 0.20, SD 7.58%, n = 70 in late pregnancy	Mean percentage change 0.12, SD 0.93%, n = 27 in late pregnancy	Mean difference 0.8 (95% CI ‐1.73 to 1.89)
PFMT versus usual care
Fritel 2015	Female Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (FPFQ) bladder score (0‐10, 10 worse)	Mean 1.7, SD 1.3, n = 112 in late pregnancy; Mean 0.8, SD 0.9, n = 105 at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean 0.9, SD 1.1, n = 94 at > 6‐12 months postpartum	Mean 2.0, SD 1.4, n = 111 in late pregnancy; Mean 0.9, SD 1.0, n = 107 at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean 1.0, SD 1.1, n = 97 at > 6‐12 months postpartum	Mean difference ‐0.30 (95% CI ‐0.65 to 0.05) in late pregnancy; Mean difference ‐0.10 (95% CI ‐0.36 to 0.16) at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean difference ‐0.10 (95% CI ‐0.41 to ‐0.12) at > 6‐12 months postpartum
	FPFQ bowel score (0‐10)	Mean 1.3, SD 1.1, n = 112 in late pregnancy; Mean 1.2, SD 1.2, n = 104 at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean 1.0, SD 1.0, n = 94 at > 6‐12 months postpartum	Mean 1.4, SD 1.1, n = 112 in late pregnancy; Mean 1.4, SD 1.2, n = 107 at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean 1.1, SD 1.0, n = 97 > 6‐12 months postpartum	Mean difference ‐0.10 (95% CI ‐0.39 to ‐0.19) in late pregnancy; Mean difference ‐0.20 (95% CI ‐0.52 to 0.12) at 0‐3 months postpartum; Mean difference ‐0.10 (95% CI ‐0.38 to 0.18) at > 6‐12 months postpartum
Hughes 2001	BFLUTs questionnaire: a negative effect on exercise in response to question "does incontinence affect physical activity?"	47 of 585 at 6 months postpartum	41 of 584 at 6 months postpartum	Relative risk 1.14 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.71)
Hyakutake 2018	PFDI‐20 total score (20 items; 0‐300, 300 worse)	Mean 27.8, SD 31.6, n = 37 at 6 weeks postpartum	Mean 35.5, SD 37.7, n = 37 at 6 weeks postpartum	Mean difference ‐7.70 (95% CI ‐23.55 to 8.15) at 6 weeks postpartum
	POPDI‐6 (prolapse subscale) (6 items; 0‐100, 100 worse)	Mean 6.6, SD 8.4, n = 37 at 6 weeks postpartum	Mean 5.9, SD 12.1, n = 37 at 6 weeks postpartum	Mean difference 0.70 (95% CI ‐4.05 to 5.45) at 6 weeks postpartum
Mørkved 2003	Sexual satisfaction at 6 years post‐delivery	34 of 94	17 of 94	Relative risk 2.00 (95% CI 1.20 to 3.32)
PFMT versus unspecified control
Dokmeci 2008	UDI‐6 (6 items; 0‐100, 100 worse)	No data	No data	Authors stated that there was a significant decrease in scores between first trimester and third trimester and between third trimester and 6 weeks postpartum
	IIQ‐7	No data	No data