Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Before matching and IPTWb | After matching and IPTWb |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All AF–HF patients (N = 101 933) | Cases (N = 451) | Controls (N = 899) | Standardized mean differencec | |
| Age (years), mean (SD)a | 79.6 (9.4) | 65.6 (11.0) | 61.6 (11.6) | 0.03 |
| <65 | 6.7% | 38% | 55% | −0.52 |
| 65–75 | 21.7% | 11% | 12% | 0.01 |
| ≥75 | 71.6% | 44% | 28% | 0.35 |
| Womena | 51.4% | 24% | 22% | 0.05 |
| Hypertensiona | 31.9% | 72% | 65% | 0.15 |
| Diabetes mellitusa | 16.5% | 37% | 33% | 0.09 |
| Coronary artery diseasea | 26.8% | 55% | 52% | 0.06 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 11.2% | 33% | 24% | 0.20 |
| Valvular diseasea | 27.3% | 25% | 26% | 0.02 |
| Valve replacement | 2.8% | 9% | 12% | 0.08 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 16.2% | 27% | 27% | 0.02 |
| Chronic renal failurea | 14.2% | 29% | 25% | 0.09 |
| Prior stroke (including TIA)a | 2.1% | 2% | 1% | 0.06 |
| Liver diseasea | 2.2% | 9% | 11% | 0.07 |
| Vascular diseasea | 11.8% | 19% | 17% | 0.07 |
| Prior major bleedinga | 4.1% | 11% | 7% | 0.13 |
| Pacemaker | 12.3% | 20% | 19% | 0.02 |
| Implantable cardioverter-defibrillatora | 2.5% | 29% | 29% | 0.01 |
| Cardiac resynchronization therapya | 9.4% | 34% | 33% | 0.02 |
| CHA2DS2-Vasc score, mean (SD) | 3.8 (1.3) | 3.2 (2.3) | 2.8 (2.0) | 0.04 |
| HAS-BLED score, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.9) | 1.8 (1.4) | 1.5 (1.6) | 0.07 |
| Medications | ||||
| Oral anticoagulation | 54.5% | 90% | 93% | 0.10 |
| Warfarina | 47.6% | 65% | 66% | 0.01 |
| DOACsa | 8.4% | 38% | 40% | 0.05 |
| Dabigatran | 2.9% | 15% | 16% | 0.03 |
| Rivaroxaban | 3.0% | 18% | 18% | 0.01 |
| Apixaban | 3.0% | 12% | 8% | 0.14 |
| Amiodaronea | 10.0% | 58% | 59% | 0.02 |
| Sotalola | 3.3% | 16% | 13% | 0.09 |
| Class 1 antiarrhythmicsa | 2.4% | 19% | 20% | 0.06 |
| Digoxina | 24.7% | 28% | 39% | 0.23 |
| Beta blockersa | 49.8% | 81% | 72% | 0.22 |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 39.7% | 59% | 63% | 0.09 |
| Angiotension II receptor blockers | 17.9% | 20% | 22% | 0.05 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 17.3% | 23% | 19% | 0.10 |
| Diureticsa | 69.5% | 72% | 70% | 0.04 |
AF, atrial fibrillation; DOACs, direct oral anticoagulants; HF, heart failure; IPTW, inverse probability of treatment weighting; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischaemic attack.
a
Predefined variables included in the propensity score model.
b
The prevalence of covariates for the overall cohort at measured at cohort entry and the prevalence of covariates in the matched and IPTW cohorts are measured on the date of AF ablation (cases) or matched date (controls).
c
Standardized mean difference <0.10 denotes balance for baseline characteristics between AF ablation and no AF ablation patients.