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. 2019 Dec 16;22(5):704–715. doi: 10.1093/europace/euz331

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Atrial activation rates during paroxysmal and persistent AF and associated structural changes. (A, B) Left panels show the time-course of AAR during paroxysmal and persistent AF. Right panels show sample AF tracings at downward arrows. Light green and red background colours indicate early and complete AER stages, respectively. (C) Box plots and comparisons of AAR during paroxysmal (pre-AER) and persistent AF (complete AER) between patients with ICD/CRT-D and pacemaker devices. (D) Box plots and comparison of left atrial diameters between pre-AER and complete AER stages. Box plot data show median and inter-quartile ranges. Central dots inside the box plots show the mean. AAR, atrial activation rate; AER, atrial electrical remodelling; AF, atrial fibrillation; ICD/CRT-D, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator+/−resynchronization therapy.