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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020 Mar 26;40(5):1239–1255. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314139

Figure 7. Microbial choline TMA-lyase inhibitor IMC attenuates choline diet-induced renal profibrotic gene expression changes.

Figure 7.

Profibrotic gene expression, normalized to GAPDH mRNA transcripts, in murine kidney was analyzed by TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. (A) Transforming growth factor - b (TGF-b), (B) a-1- type1 collagen (Col1a1), (C) TIMP-1 gene expression, and (D) a-SMA (smooth muscle actin). Results are presented as mean ± SEM. Global p-value shown was obtained by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and the p-value among different treatments was determined by nonparametric 1-way ANOVA after Dunn’s post hoc test.