Table 2.

Summary of microRNAs regulated by the transcription factors and proteins under oxidative stress in carcinogenesis.

Transcription factors/proteins	Target microRNAs	Mechanism	Relevant cancer	Ref.
NF-κB	miR-19a	Suppressing cell proliferation; regulating apoptosis	Colorectal cancer	[63, 126]
NF-κB	miR-21	Promoting cell proliferation and cancer metastasis; suppressing cell apoptosis	Lung cancer; colorectal cancer; myeloma	[60, 127–130]
NF-κB	miR-148a and miR-152	Modulating tumor angiogenesis and cancer progression	Breast cancer	[131]
NF-κB	miR-155	Promoting cell proliferation	Breast cancer	[129]
NF-κB	miR-489	KRAS/NF-κB/YY1/miR-489 axis regulating tumor migration and metastasis	Pancreatic cancer	[132]
NF-κB	miR-29	NF-κB/YY1/miR-29 axis regulating tumor growth and cell differentiation	Rhabdomyosarcoma	[133]
NF-κB	miR-29c	Regulating MMP-9 expression, secretion and activation; inhibiting tumor invasiveness	Pancreatic cancer	[134]
NF-κB	miR-425	Regulating apoptosis via miR-425/PTEN axis	Breast cancer	[135]
HIF-1α	miR-210	HIF-1α/miR-210/HIF-3α inhibiting TIMP2; promoting metastasis	Hepatocellular carcinoma	[136]
HIF-1α	miR-212	Promoting progression	Pancreatic cancer	[137]
HIF-1α	miR-26 and miR-29	Regulating tumor metastasis	Hepatocellular carcinoma	[138]
HIF-1α	miR-23a∼27a∼24 cluster	Promoting cancer progression via reprogramming metabolism	Colorectal cancer	[139, 140]
HIF-1α	miR-200b	Modulating the EMT	Colorectal cancer	[141]
HIF-1α	miR-382	Promoting angiogenesis and acting as an angiogenic oncogene by repressing PTEN	Gastric cancer	[68]
HIF-1α	miR-646	HIF-1α/miR-646/MIIP axis contributing to tumor progression	Pancreatic cancer	[142]
HIF-1α	miR-224	Promoting cell growth, migration and invasion by targeting RASSF8	Gastric cancer	[143]
HIF-1α	miR-145	Regulating apoptosis	Bladder cancer	[144]
HIF1α/HDAC1	miR-548an	Inhibiting miR-548an expression, resulting in the upregulation of vimentin that facilitates the tumorigenesis	Pancreatic cancer	[145]
HIF-1α/HIF-2α	miR-210	Regulating tumor progression	Cholangiocarcinoma; bladder cancer	[146, 147]
C-Myc	miR-137	Regulating c-Myc-EZH2 axis; regulating cisplatin resistance	Ovarian cancer	[71]
C-Myc	miR-17-92	Maintaining a neoplastic state by suppressing specific target genes	Cancer	[72]
Myc/EZH2/ HDAC3	miR-29, miR-494	Regulating lymphoma growth	Lymphoma	[75]
HDAC4	miR-1, miR-206	Promoting cancer progression	Lung cancer	[73]
HDACs	miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-29b	Silencing miR-15a, miR-16, and miR-29b	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	[148]
SAHA	miR-129-5p	Inducing cancer cell apoptosis	Lung cancer	[74]
p53	miR-19a	Promoting myeloma cells invasion by upregulating miR19a/CXCR5	Multiple myeloma	[149]
p53	miR-34a, miR-16	Targeting Bcl2 to induce apoptosis	Lung cancer	[150]
p53	miR-605	Targeting and repressing PSMD10 expression, inhibiting cancer progression	Cholangiocarcinoma	[151]
p53	miR-192-5p, miR-215	Promoting apoptosis by activating the p53-miR-192-5p/215-XIAP pathway; inducing cell cycle arrest	Lung cancer	[152, 153]
p53	miR-107	Inhibiting HIF-1 and tumor angiogenesis	Colorectal cancer	[154]
p53	miR-16-2	Inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis	Hepatocellular carcinoma	[155]
Ferroportin	miR-17-5p	Promotes cell proliferation by modulating the Nrf2-miR-17-5p axis	Multiple myeloma	[156]
Kallistatin	miR-21, miR-34a	inhibiting TGFβ-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition by differential regulation of microRNA-21 and eNOS expression	Breast cancer	[157, 158]
Curcumin	miR-27a, miR-20a, and miR-17-5p	Inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis via inducing ROS; decreasing specificity protein transcription factors by targeting microRNAs	Colon cancer	[159]

NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa-B; YY1: YY1 transcription factor; MMP9: matrix metallopeptidase 9; HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; TIMP2: TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; MIIP: migration and invasion inhibitory protein; SAHA: suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; RASSF8: Ras association domain family member 8; EZH2: enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit; CXCR5: C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5; PSMD10: proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 10; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; XIAP: X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis.