Table 2.
Comparison of biochemical indices among groups after ANCOVA analysis (−x ± s).
| Variable | Group A | Group B | Group C | Group D |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPG (mmol/L) | 5.18 ± 2.13 | 5.15 ± 2.11 | 7.60 ± 2.13∗∗ | 7.50 ± 2.13∗∗ |
| HbA1c % | 5.92 ± 1.06 | 5.98 ± 1.04 | 7.19 ± 1.05∗∗ | 7.50 ± 1.05∗∗ |
| TG (mmol/L) | 2.50 ± 1.52 | 1.51 ± 1.50∗ | 2.26 ± 1.52 | 1.70 ± 1.52∗ |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.35 ± 0.33 | 1.31 ± 0.33 | 1.18 ± 0.33 | 1.21 ± 0.33 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.06 ± 1.01 | 3.17 ± 0.99 | 3.18 ± 1.01 | 3.47 ± 1.01 |
| Ca (mmol/L) | 2.27 ± 0.14 | 2.29 ± 0.14 | 2.25 ± 0.14 | 2.28 ± 0.14 |
| P (mmol/L) | 1.09 ± 0.79 | 1.07 ± 0.78 | 1.11 ± 0.79 | 1.24 ± 0.79 |
| ALP (U/L) | 80.26 ± 21.26 | 82.13 ± 20.99 | 72.37 ± 21.18 | 73.79 ± 21.21 |
| BMD (L1-4) | 1.189 ± 0.15 | 0.845 ± 0.14∗∗ | 1.217 ± 0.15 | 0.911 ± 0.15∗∗ |
| (g/cm2) | ||||
| BMD (femoral neck) (g/cm2) | 0.882 ± 0.18 | 0.715 ± 0.19∗∗ | 0.801 ± 0.19 | 0.754 ± 0.19∗∗ |
| BMD (hip) (g/cm2) | 0.963 ± 0.11 | 0.778 ± 0.11∗∗ | 0.944 ± 0.11 | 0.809 ± 0.11∗∗ |
VS group A, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01. FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C: glycosylated haemoglobin; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; BMD: bone mineral density.