Table 4.
Biomarker characteristics in surviving and nonsurviving participants.
| Variable | Death (n = 15) | Survivors (n = 75) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| sNGAL_p (ng/ml) | 78.2 (37.0–105.1) | 79.4 (57.2–131.5) | 0.37 |
| sNGAL_24 (ng/ml) | 71.4 (32.8–108.8) | 82.7 (58.3–119.3) | 0.24 |
| sNGAL_48 (ng/ml) | 88.9 (51.3–115.8) | 67.3 (41.0–100.7) | 0.46 |
| sNGAL_5 (ng/ml) | 116.4 (74.4–143.8) | 66.1 (43.5–96.2) | 0.09 |
| uNGAL_p (ng/ml) | 62.9 (19.3–205.8) | 36.1 (14.7–68.5) | 0.17 |
| uNGAL_24 (ng/ml) | 104.7 (85.1–439.1) | 36.7 (28.1–72.5) | 0.01 |
| uNGAL_48 (ng/ml) | 87.6 (38.2–106.7) | 44.5 (14.7–96.7) | 0.48 |
| sCystatin C_p (ng/ml) | 767.38 (633.0–893.4) | 670.40 (548.5–789.5) | 0.20 |
| sCystatin C_24 (ng/ml) | 723.7 (358.9–811.3) | 694.3 (569.1–870.3) | 0.34 |
| sCystatin C_48 (ng/ml) | 764.3 (240.0–843.3) | 603.76 (505.55–760.62) | 0.45 |
| sCystatin C_5 (ng/ml) | 740.4 (706.2–816.6) | 668.1 (550.3–724.6) | 0.15 |
| uCystatin C_p (ng/ml) | 96.7 (19.0–172.5) | 44.9 (13.9–186.5) | 0.51 |
| uCystatin C_24 (ng/ml) | 163.1 (136.5–238.3) | 91.4 (28.1–160.3) | 0.10 |
| uCystatin C_48 (ng/ml) | 92.1 (44.7–901.5) | 40.6 (17.1–134.8) | 0.19 |
| sIL18_p (pg/ml) | 301.5 (211.1–461.3) | 109.0 (64.5–165.5) | <0.001 |
| sIL18_24 (pg/ml) | 203.3 (118.8–409.9) | 125.2 (77.4–224.1) | 0.09 |
| sIL18_48 (pg/ml) | 181.67 (86.40–331.40) | 110.2 (77.0–156.9) | 0.19 |
| sIL18_5 (pg/ml) | 356.5 (294.9–395.8) | 122.3 (65.0–133.9) | <0.01 |
| uIL18_p (pg/ml) | 106.4 (57.7–668.4) | 73.5 (33.2–182.2) | 0.19 |
| uIL18_24 (pg/ml) | 220.9 (49.6–421.2) | 131.3 (50.4–256.3) | 0.33 |
| uIL18_48 (pg/ml) | 163.4 (110.6–638.0) | 114.0 (38.1–343.4) | 0.06 |
| sβ2M_p (μg/ml) | 7.8 (3.7–9.7) | 4.0 (3.2–5.4) | 0.04 |
| sβ2M_24 (μg/ml) | 4.6 (3.8–7.4) | 4.1 (3.3–5.2) | 0.21 |
| sβ2M_48 (μg/ml) | 4.6 (3.0–6.7) | 3.7 (2.8–5.0) | 0.09 |
| sβ2M_5 (μg/ml) | 8.0 (5.5–16.4) | 4.1 (3.1–5.0) | 0.03 |
| sTNFα_p (pg/ml) | 8.2 (6.0–79.6) | 4.2 (2.6–5.3) | <0.001 |
| sTNFα_24 (pg/ml) | 7.40 (5.45–14.69) | 4.8 (3.2–5.6) | <0.001 |
| sTNFα_48 (pg/ml) | 6.31 (3.08–11.37) | 4.5 (2.7–6.7) | 0.11 |
| sTNFα_5 (pg/ml) | 8.9 (4.8–10.8) | 4.6 (2.7–7.0) | 0.02 |
| sIL10_p (pg/ml) | 4.9 (3.6–17.8) | 4.5 (3.0–5.5) | 0.47 |
| sIL10_24 (pg/ml) | 15.2 (4.2–33.4) | 3.9 (2.9–5.0) | 0.08 |
| sIL10_48 (pg/ml) | 3.9 (3.0–14.8) | 3.6 (2.5–5.0) | 0.43 |
| sIL10_5 (pg/ml) | 11.3 (3.2–19.4) | 4.6 (3.9–9.5) | 1.00 |
| uKIM1_p (p/ml) | 331.9 (131.6–1476.5) | 39.9 (12.2–102.9) | 0.01 |
| uKIM1_24 (pg/ml) | 712.7 (91.6–1343.0) | 91.6 (12.2–183.6) | 0.07 |
| uKIM1_48 (pg/ml) | 1261.9 (579.1–1605.3) | 78.6 (12.2–205.1) | 0.01 |
| Base creatinine (μmol/l) | 72 (44–96) | 68 (55–85) | 0.93 |
| Post creatinine (μmol/l) | 93 (45–126) | 69 (54–91) | 0.52 |
CIN−, CIN absent; CIN+, CIN present; sNGAL and uNGAL, serum and urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; sIL18 and uIL18, serum and urine interleukin 18; sβ2M, serum beta 2 microglobulin; sTNFα, serum tumour necrosis factor alpha; sCystatin C and uCystatin C, serum and urine cystatin C; uKIM1, urine kidney injury molecule 1; p, precontrast baseline; 24, 24 hours after contrast administration; 48, 48 hours after contrast administration; 5, 5 days after contrast administration.