Table 3.
Effects of CE, fractions, and isolated compounds of C. pinnatifida upon tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-17A (IL-17A) in a murine model of carrageenan-induced pleurisy.
| Groups (mg/kg) | TNF-α (pg/mL) | IL-1β (pg/mL) | IL-17A (pg/mL) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sala | 85.05 ± 8.35 | 115.1 ± 21.72 | 98.90 ± 5.62 |
| Cga | 991.3 ± 2.27 | 1545.00 ± 170.50 | 337.00 ± 1.14 |
| CE (50)b | 451.10±40.76∗∗ | 717.10±17.78∗∗ | 148.70±19.85∗∗ |
| Hex (25)b | 895.50 ± 50.11 | 661.30±168.10∗∗ | 124.40±69.29∗∗ |
| MeOH (10)b | 809.00 ± 110.10 | 768.00±82.63∗∗ | 125.00±43.16∗∗ |
| EtOAc (5)b | 458.60±30.16∗∗ | 1085.00±66.39∗∗ | 192.10 ± 28.31∗ |
| 3,5-diCQA (2.5)b | 296.00±110.60∗∗ | 310.00±81.82∗∗ | 147.20±42.91∗∗ |
| 4,5-diCQA (5)b | 431.7±67.08∗∗ | 365.80±22.10∗∗ | 172.40±34.85∗∗ |
| Dex (0.5)b | 371.00±58.24∗∗ | 243.3±6.00∗∗ | 143.80±42.47∗∗ |
| Indo (5)b | 415.80±64.96∗∗ | 467.8±117.50∗∗ | 124.10±40.46∗∗ |
Crude extract (CE: 50 mg/kg), hexane fraction (Hex: 25 mg/kg), methanol fraction (MeOH: 10 mg/kg), ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc: 5 mg/kg), 3,5-di-O-E-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-diCQA: 2.5 mg/kg), and 4,5-di-O-E-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-diCQA: 5 mg/kg) obtained from C. pinnatifida leaves administered 0.5 h before pleurisy induction. Sal: negative control group, animals treated only with sterile saline (0.95%); Cg: positive control group, animals treated only with carrageenan (1%); Dex: animals treated with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg) 0.5 h before pleurisy induction; Indo: animals treated with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) 0.5 h before pleurisy induction. aAdministered by intra-pleural route (i.pl.). bAdministered by intra-peritoneal route (i.p.). Each group represents the mean ± SEM of six animals. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01.