Table 2.
Clinical features of mixed connective tissue disease.
| Symptom | Number (%), n = 111 |
|---|---|
| Central nervous system | 20 (18) |
| Seizure | 4 (3.6) |
| Headache | 9 (8.1) |
| Neuropathy | 10 (9)∗ |
| Meningitis | 3 (2.7) |
| Cardiovascular system | 13 (11.3) |
| Myocarditis | 2 (1.8) |
| Pericardial effusion | 9 (8.1) |
| Cor pulmonale | 1 (0.9) |
| Left ventricular failure | 1 (0.9) |
| Respiratory system | 55 (49.5) |
| Pleural effusion | 7 (6.3) |
| Interstitial lung disease | 43 (38.7)◇ |
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension | 9 (8.1) |
| Hematological system | 24 (21.6) |
| Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | 21 (18.9) |
| Immune thrombocytopenia | 5 (4.5) |
| Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary system | 62 (56) |
| Hepatitis | 19 (17.1) |
| Autoimmune hepatitis | 11 (9.9) |
| Esophageal dysmotility | 32 (28.8) |
| Genitourinary system | 19 (17.1) |
| Glomerulonephritis | 19 (17.1)□ |
| Skin and mucosal system | 87 (78.4) |
| Malar rash | 27 (24.3) |
| Sicca symptoms | 16 (14.4) |
| Mucosal ulcerations | 34 (30.6) |
| Alopecia | 30 (27) |
| Sclerodactyly | 41 (36.9) |
| Raynaud's phenomenon | 74 (66.7) |
| Digital gangrene | 5 (4.5) |
| Musculoskeletal system | 106 (95.5) |
| Arthritis▲ | 77 (69.4) |
| Myositis | 42 (37.8) |
| Swollen fingers | 22 (19.8) |
| Miscellaneous | |
| Fatigue | 27 (24.3) |
| Lymphadenopathy | 11 (9.9) |
| Fever at presentation | 51 (45.9) |
∗Four patients had trigeminal neuropathy. ◇All patients had predominant lower zone involvement. □Seven patients had membranous glomerulonephritis. Six had mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis, and 2 had focal segmental glomerulonephritis. ▲Six patients had deforming arthritis.